Magnetic resonance imaging of breast cancer: factors affecting the accuracy of preoperative lesion sizing.

Background: Accurate preoperative sizing of breast cancer with imaging modalities has a great importance in the surgical planning.

Purpose: To assess the influence of tumor size and histology on the accuracy of measurement of cancer local extension by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Material And Methods: One hundred and eighty-six patients with primary breast cancer, for a total of 221 lesions, were included in this retrospective study.

Acuity and contrast sensitivity of the bluegill sunfish and how they change during optic nerve regeneration.

Spatial vision was studied in the bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus (9.5-14 cm standard length) to assess the limitations imposed by the optics of the eye, the retinal receptor spacing and the retinotectal projection during regeneration. Examination of images formed by the dioptric elements of the eye showed that spatial frequencies up to 29 c/ degrees could be imaged on the retina.

A comparison of memory for verbal and non-verbal material in schizophrenia.

Verbal memory impairment has been well explored in schizophrenia, but it is unclear whether findings relate to the type of material to be learned or the component process required by the memory task. Also, sparse data on non-verbal memory also open the question of how well schizophrenia patients encode this material. We tested whether episodic memory performance in schizophrenia varies as a function of stimulus material (verbal/non-verbal) and determined the integrity of various component memory processes.

Information-processing characteristics of explicit time estimation by patients with schizophrenia and normal controls.

The information-processing characteristics of time estimation have not been well-documented. This research investigated explicit time estimation to test whether (1) it can occur "automatically" and (2) the cognitive function generally known as "working memory" predicts accuracy of time estimation. Data on two tasks requiring explicit time judgement (time interval estimation and production) are reported for a sample of 43 normal, healthy controls and 19 inpatients with chronic schizophrenia.

Surgical treatment of Allman type III acromio-clavicular dislocation. A long-term follow-up study.

The authors report the results of a long-term follow-up study of surgical treatment of Allman type III acromio-clavicular dislocation. Despite numerous publications regarding the validity of closed treatment, the authors believe, in accordance with the anatomo functional and pathological knowledge, that open treatment is justified not only in young people but in older ones too. Among the different techniques, the authors prefer acromio-clavicular fixation with threaded wires because the operation time is short and the functional results are good with the lowest number of complications.