Cognitive improvement in late-life depression treated with vortioxetine and duloxetine in an eight-week randomized controlled trial: The role of age at first onset and change in depressive symptoms.

Background: Age at first onset of depression as a clinical factor affecting cognitive improvement in late life depression was investigated.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of an eight-week randomized controlled trial involving 452 elderly patients treated by vortioxetine, duloxetine or placebo (1:1:1). Patients were subcategorized into early-onset (LLD-EO) and late-onset (LLD-LO) groups divided by onset age of 50.

Assessing Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Nutritional Indicator in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Background: In an aging population, there is an increasing need for easily accessible nutritional markers.

Aims: To determine whether the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can serve as an effective nutritional indicator compared to the Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) or other common markers such as albumin and body mass index (BMI).

Methods: Data were obtained from the SABE study in Ecuador, which included participants aged 60 years or older.

Psilocybin for dementia prevention? The potential role of psilocybin to alter mechanisms associated with major depression and neurodegenerative diseases.

Major depression is an established risk factor for subsequent dementia, and depression in late life may also represent a prodromal state of dementia. Considering current challenges in the clinical development of disease modifying therapies for dementia, the focus of research is shifting towards prevention and modification of risk factors to alter the neurodegenerative disease trajectory. Understanding mechanistic commonalities underlying affective symptoms and cognitive decline may reveal biomarkers to aid early identification of those at risk of progressing to dementia during the preclinical phase of disease, thus allowing for timely intervention.

Risk assessment of psychiatric complications in infectious diseases: CALCulation of prognostic indices on example of COVID-19.

Introduction: Factors such as coronavirus neurotropism, which is associated with a massive increase in pro-inflammatory molecules and neuroglial reactivity, along with experiences of intensive therapy wards, fears of pandemic, and social restrictions, are pointed out to contribute to the occurrence of neuropsychiatric conditions.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of COVID-19 inflammation-related indices as potential markers predicting psychiatric complications in COVID-19.

Methods: A total of 177 individuals were examined, with 117 patients from a temporary infectious disease ward hospitalized due to COVID-19 forming the experimental group and 60 patients from the outpatient department showing signs of acute respiratory viral infection comprising the validation group.

Computational psychiatry approach to stigma subtyping in patients with mental disorders: explicit and implicit internalized stigma.

Background: Psychiatric stigma has potentially controversial effects on patients health-related behaviors. It appears that both stigmatization and motivation in psychiatric patients are heterogeneous and multi-dimensional, and that the relationship between stigma and treatment motivation may be more complex than previously believed.

Aim: To determine psychiatric stigma subtypes as they relate to treatment motivation among inpatients with various mental disorders.