Correction: Diabetes-Induced Superoxide Anion and Breakdown of the Blood-Retinal Barrier: Role of the VEGF/uPAR Pathway.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Arginase 2 deficiency prevents oxidative stress and limits hyperoxia-induced retinal vascular degeneration.

Background: Hyperoxia exposure of premature infants causes obliteration of the immature retinal microvessels, leading to a condition of proliferative vitreoretinal neovascularization termed retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Previous work has demonstrated that the hyperoxia-induced vascular injury is mediated by dysfunction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase resulting in peroxynitrite formation. This study was undertaken to determine the involvement of the ureahydrolase enzyme arginase in this pathology.

Diabetes-induced superoxide anion and breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier: role of the VEGF/uPAR pathway.

Diabetes-induced breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) has been linked to hyperglycemia-induced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and is likely mediated by an increase in oxidative stress. We have shown that VEGF increases permeability of retinal endothelial cells (REC) by inducing expression of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR). The purpose of this study was to define the role of superoxide anion in VEGF/uPAR expression and BRB breakdown in diabetes.

Blockade of VEGF-induced GSK/β-catenin signaling, uPAR expression and increased permeability by dominant negative p38α.

The goal of this study was to define the role of p38alpha MAP kinase in VEGF-induced vascular permeability increase. Activation of p38 is correlated with increased permeability in endothelial cells treated with VEGF or high glucose and in retinas of diabetic animal models. We have shown previously that p38 inhibitors preserve endothelial barrier function and block VEGF-induced GSK/beta-catenin signaling.

Comparing the apical microleakage of lateral condensation and chloroform dip techniques with a new obturation method.

Background: The final objective of root canal therapy is to create a hermetic seal along the length of the root canal system. For this purpose, many methods and materials have been introduced. The purpose of this study was to compare the apical microleakage in a new obturation technique (true-tug-back) with two other obturation techniques (lateral condensation and chloroform dip technique).