Development of a flat jet delivery system for soft X-ray spectroscopy at MAX IV.

One of the most challenging aspects of X-ray research is the delivery of liquid sample flows into the soft X-ray beam. Currently, cylindrical microjets are the most commonly used sample injection systems for soft X-ray liquid spectroscopy. However, they suffer from several drawbacks, such as complicated geometry due to their curved surface.

Chitosan production by using paper mill wastewater and rice straw hydrolysate as low-cost substrates in a continuous stirred tank reactor.

In this study, paper mill wastewater and hemicellulose hydrolysate were evaluated as low-cost substrates for fungal chitosan production using . Submerged fermentation was first studied using a bioreactor operated under batch, fed-batch and continuous modes with paper mill wastewater as the substrate. Very high removal (91%) of organics as chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the wastewater with 160 mg L chitosan production by was obtained using the bioreactor operated under fed-batch mode for 72 h.

Table-top interferometry on extreme time and wavelength scales.

Short-pulse metrology and dynamic studies in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral range greatly benefit from interferometric measurements. In this contribution a Michelson-type all-reflective split-and-delay autocorrelator operating in a quasi amplitude splitting mode is presented. The autocorrelator works under a grazing incidence angle in a broad spectral range (10 nm - 1 μm) providing collinear propagation of both pulse replicas and thus a constant phase difference across the beam profile.

Generation and characterization of tailored MIR waveforms for steering molecular dynamics.

The dream of physico-chemists to control molecular reactions with light beyond electronic excitations pushes the development of laser pulse shaping capabilities in the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral range. Here, we present a compact optical parametric amplifier platform for the generation and shaping of MIR laser pulses in the wavelength range between 8 μm and 15 μm. Opportunities for judiciously tailoring the electromagnetic waveform are investigated, demonstrating light field control with a spectral resolution of 59 GHz at a total spectral bandwidth of 5 THz.

Sustainable and green approach of chitosan production from Penicillium citrinum biomass using industrial wastewater as a cheap substrate.

Marine sources especially crustaceans have been extensively used worldwide for the production of chitosan. However, limited availability as well as variations in the properties of the derived chitosan is a serious drawback of utilizing marine sources for chitosan production. This study investigated sustainable and green approach of fungal chitosan production using paper mill wastewater as a cheap and easily available substrate.