The Moderating Role of Online Awareness in the Association between Strategy Use and Performance Accuracy on a Test of Functional Cognition in Individuals with Acquired Brain Injury.

Objective: Deficits in online self-awareness (SA) are common after acquired brain injury (ABI), leading to safety concerns and impacting daily activities and rehabilitation outcomes. Early identification is recommended as a critical first step in cognitive rehabilitation following ABI. The aim of this observational study was to examine differences in online SA and strategy use between individuals with ABI and healthy controls.

Identifying conflict monitoring as a specific executive component that contributes to impaired self-awareness in patients with acquired brain injury.

Objective: Impaired self-awareness (SA) after acquired brain injury (ABI) has traditionally been linked to deficits in executive functions. However, conflicting findings about this relationship have been reported in the literature. This inconsistency is probably due to the multicomponent nature of both constructs, as not all aspects of executive functions may be equally relevant to all components of self-awareness.

Training to deal with distractions and conflicting situations in activities of daily living after traumatic brain injury (TBI): Preliminary evidence from a single-case experimental design study.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03958487.

The Cognitive Awareness Scale for Basic and Instrumental activities of daily living to measure self-awareness after acquired brain injury: Preliminary evidence of its validity.

There is a crucial need for reliable tools to measure impaired self-awareness (ISA) in patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) across cognitive-functional domains. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Cog-Awareness ADL Scale, which is a novel self-proxy discrepancy method for measuring ISA in both basic and instrumental activities of daily living. This multicenter study included 54 patients (no-low ISA  = 33; severe ISA,  = 21) from four outpatient rehabilitation units in Málaga-Granada, Spain, and 51 healthy controls.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the 10-item Weekly Calendar Planning Activity in Spanish-speaking ABI patients: a multicenter study.

We present the process of translation, adaptation, and validation in the Spanish context of the 10-item version of the Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA-10), a performance-based measure of cognitive instrumental activities of daily living (C-IADL). The study consisted of two phases: I) translation/cultural adaptation of the WCPA, conducted by professional bilingual translators, a panel of experts, and a pilot study, and II) validation in a sample of 42 acquired brain injury patients (ABI) and 42 healthy participants (HC). WCPA primary outcomes showed expected convergent/discriminant validity patterns with socio-demographical and clinical variables and cognitive processes identifying those WCPA outcomes that best predicted executive and memory deficits measured with a battery of traditional neuropsychological tests.

The Cognitive Scale of Basic and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living for Multidomain Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Patients: Validation of its Extended Version.

Objective: To validate an informant-based tool - the extended version of the Cognitive Scale of Basic and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (BADL and IADL) or Ext. Cog-ADL Scale - in a larger sample and with a broader range of cognitive-functional items related to activities of daily living (ADL).

Method: The Ext.

Awareness of cognitive abilities in the execution of activities of daily living after acquired brain injury: an evaluation protocol.

Introduction: One of the main limitations that can be observed after acquired brain injury (ABI) is the alteration of the awareness of the deficits that can occur in the cognitive skills necessary for performing activities of daily living (ADL). According to the Dynamic Comprehensive Model of Awareness (DCMA), consciousness is composed of offline component, which contains the information stored about characteristics of the tasks and stable beliefs about one's own capabilities and online awareness, which is activated in the context of the performance of a specific task. The main objective of this project was to generate and validate a detailed cognitive assessment protocol within the context of ADL to evaluate the components of DCMA.

On the time course of spatial cueing: Dissociating between a set for fast reorienting and a set for cue-target segregation.

The present study tests whether two different manipulations leading to an earlier appearance of Inhibition of Return might operate by setting the system in different ways. Whereas the use of a range of very long SOAs has been proposed to set the system for an early reorienting of attention (Cheal & Chastain, 2002), introducing a distractor at the location opposite the target seems to induce a set to represent the cue and the target as separated events instead of the same event (Lupiáñez et al., 1999, 2001).

Assessment of cognitive instrumental activities of daily living: a systematic review.

Purpose: Cognitive instrumental activities of daily living are particularly related to executive functions, such as scheduling appointments, monthly payments, managing the household economy, shopping or taking the bus. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the available tests for the assessment of executive functions with ecological validity to predict individuals' functioning.

Materials And Methods: An electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, PsyCInfo and IEEE Xplore until May 2019, in addition to a manual search.

Brain networks of temporal preparation: A multiple regression analysis of neuropsychological data.

There are only a few studies on the brain networks involved in the ability to prepare in time, and most of them followed a correlational rather than a neuropsychological approach. The present neuropsychological study performed multiple regression analysis to address the relationship between both grey and white matter (measured by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with brain lesion) and different effects in temporal preparation (Temporal orienting, Foreperiod and Sequential effects). Two versions of a temporal preparation task were administered to a group of 23 patients with acquired brain injury.

Reduction of the spatial stroop effect by peripheral cueing as a function of the presence/absence of placeholders.

In a paradigm combining spatial Stroop with spatial cueing, the current study investigated the role of the presence vs. absence of placeholders on the reduction of the spatial Stroop effect by peripheral cueing. At a short cue-target interval, the modulation of peripheral cueing over the spatial Stroop effect was observed independently of the presence/absence of placeholders.

Dissociating proportion congruent and conflict adaptation effects in a Simon-Stroop procedure.

Proportion congruent and conflict adaptation are two well known effects associated with cognitive control. A critical open question is whether they reflect the same or separate cognitive control mechanisms. In this experiment, in a training phase we introduced a proportion congruency manipulation for one conflict type (i.

The modulation of spatial congruency by object-based attention: analysing the "locus" of the modulation.

Earlier studies have demonstrated that spatial cueing differentially reduces stimulus-stimulus congruency (e.g., spatial Stroop) interference but not stimulus-response congruency (e.

Analyzing the generality of conflict adaptation effects.

Conflict adaptation effects refer to the reduction of interference when the incongruent stimulus occurs immediately after an incongruent trial, compared with when it occurs after a congruent trial. The present study analyzes the key conditions that lead to adaptation effects that are specific to the type of conflict involved versus those that are conflict general. In the first 2 experiments, we combined 2 types of conflict for which compatibility arises from clearly different sources in terms of dimensional overlap while keeping the task context constant across conflict types.

Thinking about the future moves attention to the right.

Previous studies have shown that past and future temporal concepts are spatially represented (past being located to the left and future to the right in a mental time line). This study aims at further investigating the nature of this space-time conceptual metaphor, by testing whether the temporal reference of words orient spatial attention or rather prime a congruent left/right response. A modified version of the spatial cuing paradigm was used in which a word's temporal reference must be kept in working memory whilst participants carry out a spatial localization (Experiment 1) or a direction discrimination, spatial Stroop task (Experiment 2).

Sustained vs. transient cognitive control: evidence of a behavioral dissociation.

This study assessed whether two well known effects associated with cognitive control, conflict adaptation (the Gratton effect) and conflict context (proportion congruent effects), reflect a single common or separate control systems. To test this we examined if these two effects generalized from one kind of conflict to another by using a combined-conflict paradigm (involving the Simon and Spatial Stroop tasks) and manipulating the proportion of congruent to incongruent trials for one conflict (Simon) but not the other (Spatial Stroop). We found that conflict adaptation effects did not generalize, but the effect of conflict context did.

Modulation of spatial Stroop by object-based attention but not by space-based attention.

Earlier studies have shown that the spatial Stroop effect systematically decreases when a peripheral precue is presented at the same location as the target, compared to an uncued location condition. In this study, two experiments were conducted to explore whether the cueing modulation of spatial Stroop is object based and/or space based. In Experiment 1, we found evidence favouring the view that the cueing modulation of the spatial Stroop effect is entirely object based, as no differences were found in conflict reduction for the same-location and same-object conditions.

The role of spatial attention and other processes on the magnitude and time course of cueing effects.

We are quite often exposed to multiple objects present in the visual scene, thus attentional selection is necessary in order to selectively respond to the relevant information. Objects can be selected on the basis of the location they occupy by orienting attention in space. In this paper, we review the evidence showing that attention can be oriented in space either endogenously, on the basis of central cues, predictive of the relevant location, or exogenously, automatically triggered by the salient properties of visual stimuli (peripheral cues).

Time (also) flies from left to right.

Everyday linguistic expressions in many languages suggest that back and front space is projected onto temporal concepts of past and future (as in the sentence we are years ahead of them). The present experiment tested the psychological reality of a different space-time conceptual metaphor--projecting the past to left space and the future to right space--for which there are no linguistic traces in any language. Participants categorized words as referring to the past or to the future.

Separate mechanisms recruited by exogenous and endogenous spatial cues: evidence from a spatial Stroop paradigm.

The present experiments tested whether endogenous and exogenous cues produce separate effects on target processing. In Experiment 1, participants discriminated whether an arrow presented left or right of fixation pointed to the left or right. For 1 group, the arrow was preceded by a peripheral noninformative cue.

The manifestation of attentional capture: facilitation or IOR depending on task demands.

Orienting attention exogenously to a location can have two different consequences on processing subsequent stimuli appearing at that location: positive (facilitation) at short intervals and negative (inhibition of return) at long ones. In the present experiments, we manipulated the frequency of targets and responses associated with them. Results showed that, even at long SOAs, where IOR is usually observed, facilitation was observed for infrequent targets at the same time that IOR was measured for frequent targets.

Modulations among the alerting, orienting and executive control networks.

This paper reports a series of experiments that were carried out in order to study the attentional system. Three networks make up this system, and each of them specializes in particular processes. The executive control network specializes in control processes, such as conflict resolution or detection of errors; the orienting network directs the processing system to the source of input and enhances its processing; the alerting network prepares the system for a fast response by maintaining an adequate level of activation in the cognitive system.