Lung Ultrasound in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Patterns and Predictors in Very Preterm Infants.

Introduction: Lung ultrasound (LUS) is useful for respiratory management in very preterm infants (VPI), but little is known about the echographic patterns in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the relation between the image findings, and the severity of the disease and its long-term outcomes. We aimed to describe LUS patterns in BPD and analyze the accuracy of LUS to predict the need for respiratory support at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) in VPI.

Methods: Preterm infants ≤30.

Quality Assurance in Lactation: Reliability of OM-6050 Station System to Test Mother's Milk Osmolality.

Background: Mother's own milk does not provide enough nutrients to feed a preterm baby born before 32 weeks' gestation; therefore, human milk fortifiers are needed. However, human milk fortifiers increase the osmolality, and enteral administration of high osmolality fluids has been associated with gastrointestinal symptoms. For this reason, it is necessary for laboratories to have a validated system in order to measure human milk osmolality.

Combination of vancomycin and rifampicin for the treatment of persistent coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia in preterm neonates.

Unlabelled: Coagulase-negative staphylococci are the most common cause of late-onset sepsis in premature neonates. The optimal approach in persistent coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia, despite adequate treatment with glycopeptides, is not well established. A retrospective study was conducted on preterm neonates with persistent coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia treated with the combination of vancomycin-rifampicin.

Trends in survival among extremely-low-birth-weight infants (less than 1000 g) without significant bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the evolution from 1997 to 2009 of survival without significant (moderate and severe) bronchopulmonary dysplasia (SWsBPD) in extremely-low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants and to determine the influence of changes in resuscitation, nutrition and mechanical ventilation on the survival rate.

Study Design: In this study, 415 premature infants with birth weights below 1000 g (ELBW) were divided into three chronological subgroups: 1997 to 2000 (n = 65), 2001 to 2005 (n = 178) and 2006 to 2009 (n = 172).Between 1997 and 2000, respiratory resuscitation in the delivery room was performed via a bag and mask (Ambu®, Ballerup, Sweden) with 40-50% oxygen.

Impact of chorioamnionitis on exhaled nitric oxide and endotracheal aspirate levels of nitrites-nitrates and interleukin-8 in mechanically ventilated preterm neonates.

Objectives: To assess the influence of maternal chorioamnionitis on early exhaled nitric oxide (NO) and levels of nitrites-nitrates and interleukin (IL)-8 in endotracheal aspirate fluid in mechanically ventilated preterm neonates.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study. PATIENT-SUBJECT SELECTION: Between September 2007 and August 2009, 54 mechanically ventilated preterm neonates were included.

Serum soluble ICAM-1, VCAM-1, L-selectin, and P-selectin levels as markers of infection and their relation to clinical severity in neonatal sepsis.

Adhesion molecules may play a role in the evolution and severity of neonatal sepsis. The purposes of this study were to determine whether serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, L-selectin, and P-selectin levels are useful tools in the diagnosis of proven sepsis in newborn infants, and whether their levels are related to the clinical severity of the disease. A cohort of 25 consecutive newborns meeting criteria for clinical sepsis, 10 hemoculture-negative (HC - ) and 15 hemoculture-positive (HC + ), were prospectively followed and compared with 12 healthy newborns (six /= 39 weeks).

Nonimmune hydrops fetalis due to congenital xerocytosis.

Hereditary xerocytosis is a rare hemolytic anemia in which erythrocytes are dehydrated due to a loss of potassium and water through their cell wall membrane. In adults, this condition leads to a mild-to-moderate hemolysis. We report a case of hydrops fetalis secondary to hereditary xerocytosis.