Animals (Basel)
February 2024
Hypercortisolism in dogs is frequently associated with systemic hypertension (SH). However, there are no studies evaluating the changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) in dogs with adrenal-dependent hypercortisolism (ADH) during trilostane treatment or after adrenalectomy and their response to antihypertensive treatments. For this reason, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the changes in SBP in dogs with ADH during the first year of trilostane treatment or after adrenalectomy, the relation with clinical control of hypercortisolism and certain laboratory parameters, and the response to antihypertensive drugs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCanine inflammatory mammary cancer (IMC) is a highly aggressive and lethal cancer in dogs serving as a valuable animal model for its human counterpart, inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), both lacking effective therapies. Intratumoral immunotherapy (IT-IT) with empty cowpea mosaic virus (eCPMV) nanoparticles has shown promising results, demonstrating a reduction in tumor size, longer survival rates, and improved quality of life. This study compares the transcriptomic profiles of tumor samples from female dogs with IMC receiving eCPMV IT-IT and medical therapy (MT) versus MT alone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe lack of optimal models to evaluate novel agents is delaying the development of effective immunotherapies against human breast cancer (BC). In this prospective open label study, we applied neoadjuvant intratumoral immunotherapy with empty cowpea mosaic virus-like particles (eCPMV) to 11 companion dogs diagnosed with canine mammary cancer (CMC), a spontaneous tumor resembling human BC. We found that two neoadjuvant intratumoral eCPMV injections resulted in tumor reduction in injected tumors in all patients and in noninjected tumors located in the ipsilateral and contralateral mammary chains of injected dogs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe validity of spontaneous canine mammary cancer (CMC) as a natural model for the study of human breast cancer (HBC) from a hormonal point of view has never been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of aromatase (Arom) and steroid receptors [estrogen receptor α (ER α), estrogen receptor β (ER β), progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR)] and intratumor steroid hormone levels of 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone sulfate (SO4E1), progesterone (P4), androstenedione (A4), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and testosterone (T) in 78 samples of mammary cancer-51 human breast cancer (HBC) and 27 canine mammary cancer (CMC)-and corresponding controls. Frequency of tumors expressing Arom, ERβ, PR, and AR was similar in both species, whereas ERα+ tumors were less frequent in the canine species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Twice daily low trilostane doses have proven to be effective to manage canine Cushing's syndrome. However, survival and prognostic factors in dogs treated with this protocol have not been evaluated. The aim of the study was to evaluate survival and prognostic factors, including systolic blood pressure (SBP) at diagnosis, in dogs with pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism (PDH) treated with low trilostane doses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCanine mammary epitheliosis (ME) is a poorly studied dysplasia that may have premalignant potential. In this study, the clinicopathological relevance of ME was prospectively studied in 90 female dogs with mammary tumors (MTs) that underwent radical mastectomy. ME distribution, extent, and coexistence with benign and malignant MTs were evaluated for each case (505 mammary glands).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Inflammatory mammary cancer (IMC), the counterpart of human inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), is the deadliest form of canine mammary tumors. IMC patients lack specific therapy and have poor outcomes. This proof-of-principle preclinical study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and effect on survival of neoadjuvant intratumoral (in situ) empty cowpea mosaic virus (eCPMV) immunotherapy in companion dogs diagnosed with IMC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study aims to gather knowledge about the use of deoxycorticosterone pivalate (DOCP) by Western European Veterinarians (WEV) in dogs with typical hypoadrenocorticism. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey, translated into four languages and disseminated to veterinary affiliates and mailing lists in six countries of Western Continental Europe. Respondents were tasked to share their therapeutic approach to hypoadrenocorticism, whether they preferred DOCP or fludrocortisone and the specific practical use of DOCP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCanine inflammatory mammary cancer (IMC) is highly malignant, invasive and a therapeutic challenge, because effective medical treatment is still unavailable. This retrospective study compares the efficacy of an oral cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor combined with toceranib phosphate and oral cyclophosphamide (multi-drug therapy [MT]) with COX-2 inhibitor therapy alone (single-drug therapy [ST]) in dogs diagnosed with secondary IMC. Clinical response, adverse events, overall survival time (OST), disease-free survival (DFS) and time to progression (TTP) were evaluated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Systemic hypertension (SH) is common in dogs and humans with hypercortisolism and can persist after treatment.
Objectives: To evaluate changes in prevalence of SH and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) during the first year of trilostane treatment, its relationship with disease control and selected laboratory variables, and their response to antihypertensive treatment.
Animals: Fifty-one dogs with PDH treated with trilostane Q12h.
Background: Systemic hypertension (SH) is common in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) however there are not many studies assessing its prevalence and risk factors.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence and severity of SH in dogs with HAC and its association with clinical and laboratory findings to identify potential risk factors.
Animals: Sixty-six client owned dogs with spontaneous HAC.
P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) expression are frequently related to multidrug resistance (MDR) in neoplastic cells. Canine inflammatory and grade III noninflammatory mammary carcinomas (IMC and non-IMC) are aggressive tumors that could benefit from chemotherapy. This study describes the immunohistochemical detection of P-gp and BCRP in 20 IMCs and 18 non-IMCs from dogs that had not received chemotherapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCanine spindle cell mammary tumor (CSCMT) is an infrequent canine mammary tumor (CMT) composed of spindle or fusiform cells, which represents a challenge for pathologists and clinicians. Mammary tumors submitted for histopathology from 1998 to 2013 and compatible with CSCMTs were retrospectively selected. The tumors were diagnosed based on the hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained section; malignant tumors were graded using a canine soft tissue sarcoma grading scheme and a canine mammary tumor grading scheme, and they were further assigned a diagnosis based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) for pancytokeratin, cytokeratin 14, p63, calponin, vimentin, Ki-67, CD31, desmin, myosin, smooth muscle actin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S-100.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInflammatory mammary cancer (IMC) is a distinct form of mammary cancer that affects dogs and women [in humans, IMC is known as inflammatory breast cancer (IBC)], and is characterized by a sudden onset and an aggressive clinical course. Spontaneous canine IMC shares epidemiologic, histopathological and clinical characteristics with the disease in humans and has been proposed as the best spontaneous animal model for studying IBC, although several aspects remain unstudied. Interleukins (ILs) play an important role in cancer as potential modulators of angiogenesis, leukocyte infiltration and tumor growth.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Immunol Immunopathol
March 2007
This article has been withdrawn consistent with Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) is the most threatened wild feline in the world. Little is known about the diseases and pathology that affect this animal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological status of the peripheral lymphoid tissues and thymus of Iberian lynxes necropsied between 1998 and 2003.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCyclo-oxygenase (Cox-2) plays an important role in mammary carcinogenesis, nevertheless, its role in canine mammary tumors, and particularly in inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IMC), is unknown. Tumor Cox-2 levels were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay, in post-surgical tumor homogenates of 129 mammary tumors (62 dysplasias and benign tumors, 57 malignant non-IMC and 10 IMC) from 57 female dogs. The highest Cox-2 values were detected in the IMC group.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Inflammatory breast cancer is a special type of locally advanced mammary cancer that is associated with particularly aggressive behaviour and poor prognosis. The dog was considered the only natural model in which to study the disease because, until now, it was the only species known to present with inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IMC) spontaneously. In the present study we describe clinicopathological and immunohistochemical findings of three cats with IMC, in order to evaluate its possible value as an animal model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman inflammatory breast carcinoma (IBC) is the most malignant type of breast cancer with an extremely poor prognosis. The dog is the unique animal species in which spontaneous inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IC) has been reported, although it is not well documented. The purpose of this study was to characterize histopathologically and immunohistochemically the canine IC, considering associated clinical features.
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