Nomenclatural Type Identification of Names in North African ().

is native to Eurasia plus the northern and southern territories of Africa, with some species being introduced into America and Oceania. They are usually found in arid, desertic, or subdesertic areas, often on saline or subsaline soils, in Mediterranean, temperate, or subtropical climates. The genus is renowned for its complex taxonomy, which is usually based on rather variable or unstable characters, which leads to contrasting taxonomic treatments.

(): Validation and Recircumscription of a Misinterpreted Species from South Africa.

The name " Simon" has been misapplied to an endemic taxon confined to inland semidesert ecosystems in central-western South Africa. It is commonly accepted as a small annual species occurring in saline habitats in a wide elevation range, but its identity still remains obscure. In the context of taxonomic and phylogenetic research on the African species of , we found that the name was never validly published.

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Over the Right Anterior Temporal Lobe Does Not Modulate False Recognition.

Non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left anterior temporal lobe (ATL) has been shown to cause a reduction in the rate of false memories with semantically related words. Such a reduction seems to be specific to false memories induced by the study of associative lists, but is not observed when the studied lists are categorical in nature. These findings are interpreted as evidence that the left ATL functions as an integration hub that is crucial for the binding of semantic information into coherent representations of concepts.

Absence of post-learning motor activity effects on memory for motor-related words.

Drawing a hypothesis from embodied theories of memory, van Dam, Rueschemeyer, Bekkering and Lindemann [(2013). Embodied grounding of memory: Toward the effects of motor execution on memory consolidation. , (12), 2310-2328] showed that recognition performance for action words could be modulated by actions performed during the retention interval, suggesting that motor actions during the retention interval affect memory consolidation.

Diversification of Biscutella ser. Biscutella (Brassicaceae) followed post-Miocene geologic and climatic changes in the Mediterranean basin.

Biscutella ser. Biscutella (= ser. Lyratae Malin.

Sensory experience ratings for 5,500 Spanish words.

Sensory experience rating (SER) is a recently developed subjective lexical index that reflects the extent to which a word evokes a sensory and/or perceptual experience in a reader (Juhasz & Yap, 2013; Juhasz, Yap, Dicke, Taylor, & Gullick, 2011). In the present study, SERs for a set of 5,500 Spanish words were collected, which makes this the largest set of norms for SER in the Spanish language to date. Additionally, with the aim of further exploring the implications of this new indicator and its relations with other psycholinguistic variables, a variety of correlational and regression analyses are provided.

Normative ratings for perceptual and motor attributes of 750 object concepts in Spanish.

Subjective ratings of perceptual and motor attributes were obtained for a set of 750 concrete concepts in Spanish by requiring scale-based judgments from a sample of university students (N = 539). Following on the work of Amsel, Urbach, and Kutas (2012), the seven attributes were color, motion, sound, smell, taste, graspability, and pain. Normative data based on the obtained ratings are provided as a tool for future investigations.

Subjective age-of-acquisition norms for 4,640 verbs in Spanish.

Many studies have shown that how words are processed in a variety of language-related tasks is affected by their age of acquisition (AoA). Most AoA norms have been collected for nouns, a fact that limits the extent to which verb stimuli can be adequately manipulated and controlled in empirical studies. With the aim of increasing the number of verbs with AoA values in Spanish, 900 college students were recruited to provide subjective estimates for a total of 4,640 infinitive and reflexive forms.

Subjective age-of-acquisition norms for 7,039 Spanish words.

Subjective estimations of age of acquisition (AoA) for a large pool of Spanish words were collected from college students in Spain. The average score for each word (based on 50 individual responses, on a scale from 1 to 11) was taken as an AoA indicator, and normative values for a total of 7,039 single words are provided as supplemental materials. Beyond its intrinsic value as a standalone corpus, the largest of its kind for Spanish, the value of the database is enhanced by the fact that it contains most of the words that are currently included in other normative studies, allowing for a more complete characterization of the lexical stimuli that are usually employed in studies with Spanish-speaking participants.

Oral frequency norms for 67,979 Spanish words.

Frequency of occurrence is an important attribute of lexical units, and one that is widely used in psychological research and theorization. Although printed frequency norms have long been available for Spanish, and subtitle-based norms have more recently been published, oral frequency norms have not been systematically compiled for a representative set of words. In this study, a corpus of over three million units, representing present-day use of the language in Spain, was used to derive a frequency count of spoken words.

Metabolic fingerprints of proliferative diabetic retinopathy: an 1H-NMR-based metabonomic approach using vitreous humor.

Purpose: To explore the metabolic profile of vitreous fluid of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) using 1H-NMR-based metabonomic analysis.

Methods: 1H-NMR spectra were acquired from vitreous samples obtained during vitrectomy from 22 patients with type 1 diabetes with PDR and from 22 nondiabetic patients with macular hole (control group). Data analysis included a principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA).

Free-association norms for the Spanish names of the Snodgrass and Vanderwart pictures.

The most frequent names in Spanish corresponding to a set of 247 pictures in the Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980) norms were used as stimuli in a discrete free-association task. A sample of 525 Spanish-speaking participants provided the first word that came to mind for each of the verbal stimuli. Responses were organized according to frequency of production in order to prepare word-association norms for the set of stimuli.