CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knock-Out of the Gene Highlights Its Key Role in the Control of Symbiotic Nodule Numbers under High-Nitrate Conditions.

Legume plants have the ability to establish a symbiotic relationship with soil bacteria known as rhizobia. The legume-rhizobium symbiosis results in the formation of symbiotic root nodules, where rhizobia fix atmospheric nitrogen. A host plant controls the number of symbiotic nodules to meet its nitrogen demands.

Identification and Expression Analysis of the Family in L.

The (CEP) peptides play crucial roles in plant growth and response to environmental factors. These peptides were characterized as positive regulators of symbiotic nodule development in legume plants. However, little is known about the CEP peptide family in pea.

Cytokinin biosynthesis genes expressed during nodule organogenesis are directly regulated by the KNOX3 protein in Medicago truncatula.

Cytokinin is an important regulator of symbiotic nodule development. Recently, KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX 3 transcription factor (TF) was shown to regulate symbiotic nodule development possibly via the activation of cytokinin biosynthesis genes. However, the direct interaction between the KNOX3 TF and its target genes has not been investigated up to date.

Identification and Expression Analysis of (s) Involved in Local and Systemic Control of Nodulation.

Cytokinins are essential for legume plants to establish a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with rhizobia. Recently, the expression level of cytokinin biosynthesis s () genes was shown to be increased in response to rhizobial inoculation in and . In addition to its well-established positive role in nodule primordium initiation in root cortex, cytokinin negatively regulates infection processes in the epidermis.

Initiation of spontaneous tumors in radish (Raphanus sativus): Cellular, molecular and physiological events.

In plant meristems, the balance of cell proliferation and differentiation is maintained by phytohormones, specifically auxin and cytokinin, as well as transcription factors. Changing of the cytokinin/auxin balance in plants may lead to developmental abnormalities, and in particular, to the formation of tumors. The examples of spontaneous tumor formation in plants include tumors formed on the roots of radish (Raphanus sativus) inbred lines.