Use of BRCA Mutation Test in the U.S., 2004-2014.

Introduction: BRCA mutation testing has been used for screening women at high risk of breast and ovarian cancer and for selecting the best treatment for those with breast cancer. To optimize the infrastructure and medical resources allocation for genetic testing, it is important to understand the use of BRCA mutation testing in the U.S.

Nutrition, metabolism, and integrative approaches in cancer survivors.

Objectives: To review emerging issues about metabolic changes occurring in cancer survivors during and as a result of therapy, the role of nutrition, weight control, stress management, nutritional supplements, and other complementary diet therapies, methods of mitigating side effects of treatment affecting dietary intake, and to suggest future research directions.

Data Sources: Literature review and professional clinical experience with oncology patients.

Conclusion: Enhancing cancer survivorship requires knowledge and application of nutritional science and integrative health care approaches.

Cancer cachexia and anabolic interventions: a case report.

Background: Standard-of-care (SOC) cancer treatments are primarily aimed at reducing size and progression of a tumor. There is a need for successful supplemental anabolic therapies to combat cancer cachexia in addition to these SOC treatment modalities. Anabolic interventions, including testosterone and amino acid supplements, may be beneficial in reducing and/or reversing muscle wasting in these patient populations.

Carbonic anhydrase IX and human papillomavirus as diagnostic biomarkers of cervical dysplasia/neoplasia in women with a cytologic diagnosis of atypical glandular cells: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study in United States.

High-risk human papillomavirus (H-HPV) infection is strongly linked to cervical neoplasia, but its role in detecting glandular lesions (GLs) is unclear. In the cervix, carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX) is expressed in cervical neoplasia, but rarely in the benign cervix. The diagnostic utility of these biomarkers was evaluated in women with a cytologic diagnosis of atypical glandular cells (AGC).

Implications of tyrosine phosphoproteomics in cervical carcinogenesis.

Background: Worldwide cervical cancer remains a leading cause of mortality from gynecologic malignancies. The link between cervical cancer and persistent infection with HPV has been established. At a molecular level little is known about the transition from the precancerous state to invasive cancer.

Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the vagina: a clinicopathologic study.

Context: Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the vagina is extremely rare, and its clinical behavior is aggressive. To our knowledge, 22 patients with this tumor have been reported in the English literature to date.

Objective: To investigate 3 patients with this tumor clinically and pathologically.

Altered expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in normal saphenous vein and in arterialized and stenotic vein grafts.

Background: Myointimal thickening is a major cause saphenous vein graft failure. The prominence of medial and adventitial microvessels in stenotic vein grafts and the known angiogenic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) lead us to investigate the expression of VEGF and its receptors in vein graft arterialization and stenosis.

Methods: Normal and arterialized vein graft segments were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for expression of VEGF-R1 (flt), VEGF-R2 (KDR), and neuropilin-1.

Bombesin stimulates nuclear factor kappa B activation and expression of proangiogenic factors in prostate cancer cells.

The majority of deaths from prostate cancer occur in patients with androgen-insensitive metastatic disease. An important early event in the development of the metastatic phenotype is the induction of genes that promote angiogenesis, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-8 (IL-8), which are released from tumor cells into their microenvironment. Coincident with progression from prostatic carcinoma in situ to metastatic disease is an increase in the number of tumor cells exhibiting neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation.

Expression of gastrin-releasing peptide receptors in endometrial cancer.

Background: The Bombesin (BBS)-related peptide, gastrin-releasing peptide, and its cognate receptor are ectopically expressed by many cancers, in which they regulate tumor proliferation and metastasis. But, their role in endometrial cancers is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether endometrial cancer cell lines express functional BBS receptors and to determine whether they were coupled to the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) expression.

Atypical glandular cells: new Bethesda Terminology and Management Guidelines.

Although Pap tests have enabled early detection of premalignant lesions, the introduction of new collecting devices has significantly improved the detection of lesions hidden in the endocervical canal, such as adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). The term "atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance" (AGUS) was introduced at the 1988 Bethesda Conference and defined as morphologic changes in glandular cells beyond those that are suggestive of the benign reactive process, but insufficient for the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). In the new 2001 Bethesda System, the term has been eliminated and replaced with the term "atypical glandular cells" (AGC), with the following subclassifications: not otherwise specified (NOS), favor neoplasia, endocervical AIS, and adenocarcinoma.