Effect of hyperglycemia and empagliflozin on markers of cardiorenal injury and inflammation in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Aims: To investigate the effect of hyperglycemia and empagliflozin on cardiorenal injury and inflammation in patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: Serum cardiac (sST2, Gal-3, cTnT), kidney injury (KIM-1, NGAL), inflammatory (sTNFR1, sTNFR2), and hemodynamic (NT-proBNP, EPO) markers were assessed post-hoc in two separate T1D cohorts. The glycemic clamp trial (NCT02344602) evaluated 49 adults with T1D and 27 controls under euglycemic and acute hyperglycemic conditions.

Signatures of epigenetic, biological and mitotic age acceleration and telomere shortening are associated with arsenic-induced skin lesions.

Chronic arsenic exposure is a global health hazard significantly associated with the development of deleterious cutaneous changes and increased keratinocyte cancer risk. Although arsenic exposure is associated with broad-scale cellular and molecular changes, gaps exist in understanding how these changes impact the skin and facilitate malignant transformation. Recently developed epigenetic "clocks" can accurately predict chronological, biological and mitotic age, as well as telomere length, on the basis of tissue DNA methylation state.

Skin photoageing following sun exposure is associated with decreased epigenetic and biologic age, and correlates with basal cell carcinoma phenotype.

This study investigated epigenetic changes, specifically epigenetic ageing, in an adult cohort of healthy individuals using five validated epigenetic clock algorithms and a DNA methylation-based estimator of telomere length. Our study demonstrated significant biologic/epigenetic age dysregulation in sun-exposed vs. sun-protected dermal and epidermal skin, with a strong correlation to the validated Helfrich skin photoageing scale, occurring in patterns that overlap with those seen in basal cell carcinoma.

Fasted C-Peptide Distribution and Associated Clinical Factors in Adults With Longstanding Type 1 Diabetes: Analysis of the Canadian Study of Longevity in Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: Although insulin production is reportedly retained in many people with longstanding type 1 diabetes (T1D), the magnitude and relevance of connecting peptide (C-peptide) production are uncertain. In this study, we aimed to define fasted C-peptide distributions and associated clinical factors.

Methods: In a cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Study of Longevity, fasted serum and urinary C-peptide was measured in 74 patients with longstanding T1D (duration ≥50 years) and 75 age- and sex-matched controls.

Pars plana vitrectomy versus intravitreal antibiotics for endophthalmitis management following intravitreal anti-VEGF agents: A meta-analysis.

In this meta-analysis, we aim to compare the efficacy and safety of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) versus tap-and-inject (TAI) of intravitreal antibiotics for the management of endophthalmitis secondary to intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents. A systematic literature search was conducted on Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central (January 2005-October 2022). The primary analysis compared initial PPV versus TAI and the secondary analysis examined the efficacy and safety of TAI alone compared to TAI followed by PPV.

Diabetic retinopathy screening integrated in a multidisciplinary diabetes care clinic: a pilot project.

Objective: To characterize patients referred for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening in a unique multidisciplinary diabetes care clinic at a tertiary care centre.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted involving patients who were referred to the Cardiac and Renal Endocrine Clinic at a tertiary care centre (University Health Network) for DR screening between April 2019-March 2020 and November 2020-August 2021. Patients' demographics; micro- and macrovascular disease measurements; visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus imaging, and optical coherence tomography results were collected and analyzed.

Review on photoprotection: a clinician's guide to the ingredients, characteristics, adverse effects, and disease-specific benefits of chemical and physical sunscreen compounds.

Photoprotection is a critical health prevention strategy to reduce the deleterious effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and visible light (VL). Methods of photoprotection are reviewed in this paper, with an emphasis on sunscreen. The most appropriate sunscreen formulation for personal use depends on several factors.

Efficacy and Safety of Upadacitinib for Management of Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: An Evidence-Based Review.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin condition characterized by inflammation that presents with erythematous and pruritic skin. Its chronic relapse-remitting nature has a significant impact on the quality of life, and often requires ongoing management. Given the limited treatments available for AD, there remains a large need for effective and safe alternative therapies for long-term use.

Renal hemodynamic dysfunction and neuropathy in longstanding type 1 diabetes: Results from the Canadian study of longevity in type 1 diabetes.

Aims: To determine the relationship between renal hemodynamic function and neuropathy in adults with ≥50-years of type 1 diabetes (T1D) compared to nondiabetic controls.

Methods: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR, inulin), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF, p-aminohippurate), modified Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score (mTCNS), corneal confocal microscopy, nerve conduction, and heart rate variability (autonomic function) were measured; afferent (R) and efferent (R) arteriolar resistances were estimated using the Gomez equations in 74 participants with T1D and in 75 controls. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) non-resistors were defined by eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.

Renal and Vascular Effects of Combined SGLT2 and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition.

Background: The cardiorenal effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition (empagliflozin 25 mg QD) combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (ramipril 10 mg QD) were assessed in this mechanistic study in patients with type 1 diabetes with potential renal hyperfiltration.

Methods: Thirty patients (out of 31 randomized) completed this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Recruitment was stopped early because of an unexpectedly low proportion of patients with hyperfiltration.