Longitudinal Evaluation of DCE-MRI as an Early Indicator of Progression after Standard Therapy in Glioblastoma.

Distinguishing treatment-induced imaging changes from progressive disease has important implications for avoiding inappropriate discontinuation of a treatment. Our goal in this study is to evaluate the utility of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) perfusion MRI as a biomarker for the early detection of progression. We hypothesize that DCE-MRI may have the potential as an early predictor for the progression of disease in GBM patients when compared to the current standard of conventional MRI.

Semisupervised Training of a Brain MRI Tumor Detection Model Using Mined Annotations.

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) applications for cancer imaging conceptually begin with automated tumor detection, which can provide the foundation for downstream AI tasks. However, supervised training requires many image annotations, and performing dedicated post hoc image labeling is burdensome and costly. Purpose To investigate whether clinically generated image annotations can be data mined from the picture archiving and communication system (PACS), automatically curated, and used for semisupervised training of a brain MRI tumor detection model.

CNS Metastases in Patients With Exon 14-Altered Lung Cancers and Outcomes With Crizotinib.

Purpose: Although exon 14 (ex14)-altered lung cancers were first identified more than a decade and a half ago, the frequency of CNS metastatic disease remains poorly defined. Furthermore, the seminal trial of crizotinib in these patients (PROFILE 1001) did not report patterns of CNS response or progression.

Patients And Methods: Patients with pathologically confirmed, advanced non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) harboring a ex14 alteration by targeted DNA/RNA sequencing were studied.

T1-weighted Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MRI to Differentiate Nonneoplastic and Malignant Vertebral Body Lesions in the Spine.

Background Dynamic contrast agent-enhanced (DCE) perfusion MRI may help differentiate between nonneoplastic and malignant lesions in the spine. Purpose To investigate the correlation between fractional plasma volume (), a parameter derived from DCE perfusion MRI, and histopathologic diagnosis for spinal lesions. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, patients who underwent DCE perfusion MRI and lesion biopsy between May 2015 and May 2018 were included.

Genetic variants and cognitive functions in patients with brain tumors.

Background: Patients with brain tumors treated with radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) often experience cognitive dysfunction. We reported that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the APOE, COMT, and BDNF genes may influence cognition in brain tumor patients. In this study, we assessed whether genes associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), inflammation, cholesterol transport, dopamine and myelin regulation, and DNA repair may influence cognitive outcome in this population.

T1-Weighted Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Perfusion Imaging Characterizes Tumor Response to Radiation Therapy in Chordoma.

Background And Purpose: Chordomas notoriously demonstrate a paucity of changes following radiation therapy on conventional MR imaging. We hypothesized that dynamic contrast-enhanced MR perfusion imaging parameters of chordomas would change significantly following radiation therapy.

Materials And Methods: Eleven patients with pathology-proved chordoma who completed dynamic contrast-enhanced MR perfusion imaging pre- and postradiation therapy were enrolled.

Corticosteroid therapy and severity of vasogenic edema in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a variable cerebrovascular syndrome associated with hypertension and autoregulatory failure. Steroids have been reported to both precipitate and treat PRES. We sought to determine the prevalence of steroid therapy at the time of PRES and to assess the relationship between steroid therapy and extent of vasogenic edema.

Imaging characteristics associated with clinical outcomes in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.

Purpose: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a disorder of cerebrovascular autoregulation that can result in brain edema, hemorrhage, and infarction. We sought to investigate whether certain imaging characteristics in PRES are associated with clinically significant patient outcomes.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all cases of PRES occurring between 2008 and 2014 at two major academic medical centers.

Comparison of compressed sensing diffusion spectrum imaging and diffusion tensor imaging in patients with intracranial masses.

Purpose: To compare compressed diffusion spectrum imaging (CS-DSI) with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in patients with intracranial masses. We hypothesized that CS-DSI would provide superior visualization of the motor and language tracts.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 25 consecutive patients with intracranial masses who underwent DTI and CS-DSI for preoperative planning.

Neuroimaging features in subacute encephalopathy with seizures in alcoholics (SESA syndrome).

Purpose: To describe the neuroimaging findings in subacute encephalopathy with seizures in alcoholics (SESA syndrome).

Methods: We reviewed all cases reported previously, as well as 4 patients diagnosed in our center. We included a total of 8 patients.

COMT, BDNF, and DTNBP1 polymorphisms and cognitive functions in patients with brain tumors.

Background: Cognitive dysfunction is common among patients with brain tumors and can be associated with the disease and treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, little is known about genetic risk factors that may moderate the vulnerability for developing cognitive dysfunction. In this study, we examined the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (DTNBP1) genes with cognitive functions and neuroimaging outcomes in patients with brain tumors.

T1-Weighted Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI as a Noninvasive Biomarker of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor vIII Status.

Background And Purpose: Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III is a common mutation in glioblastoma, found in approximately 25% of tumors. Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III may accelerate angiogenesis in malignant gliomas. We correlated T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging perfusion parameters with epidermal growth factor receptor variant III status.

Early magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers to predict local control after high dose stereotactic body radiotherapy for patients with sarcoma spine metastases.

Background Context: Recent advances in image guidance and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) have resulted in unprecedented local control for spinal metastases of all histologies. However, little is known about early imaging biomarkers of local control.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers to predict local control after SBRT for patients with sarcoma spine metastases.

Dynamic contrast enhanced T1 MRI perfusion differentiates pseudoprogression from recurrent glioblastoma.

Pseudoprogression may present as transient new or increasing enhancing lesions that mimic recurrent tumors in treated glioblastoma. The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of dynamic contrast enhanced T1 magnetic resonance imaging (DCE MRI) in differentiating between pseudoprogression and tumor progression and devise a cut-off value sensitive for pseudoprogression. We retrospectively examined 37 patients with glioblastoma treated with radiation and temozolomide after surgical resection that then developed new or increasing enhancing lesion(s) indeterminate for pseudoprogression versus progression.

Corpus Callosum Diffusion and Language Lateralization in Patients with Brain Tumors: A DTI and fMRI Study.

Background And Purpose: Examining how left-hemisphere brain tumors might impact both the microstructure of the corpus callosum (CC) as measured by fractional anisotropy (FA) values in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) as well as cortical language lateralization measured with functional MRI (fMRI).

Methods: fMRI tasks (phonemic fluency and verb generation) were performed in order to detect activation in Broca's and Wernicke's area. Twenty patients with left-hemisphere brain tumors were investigated.

Pre-operative fMRI localization of the supplementary motor area and its relationship with postoperative speech deficits.

Introduction: Neurosurgery of the supplementary motor area (SMA) is associated with transient speech defects. We investigated whether SMA laterality correlates with postoperative speech defects.

Materials And Methods: The authors reviewed 17 patients with SMA-area lesion resection and preoperative language fMRI.

Comparison of Glioblastomas and Brain Metastases using Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Perfusion MRI.

Purpose: To compare glioblastoma and brain metastases using T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI perfusion technique.

Methods: 26 patients with glioblastoma and 32 patients with metastatic brain lesions with no treatment who underwent DCE-MRI were, retrospectively, analyzed. DCE perfusion parameters K(trans) and Vp were calculated for the whole tumor.

Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Perfusion MRI and Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Grading of Gliomas.

Purpose: Accurate glioma grading is crucial for treatment planning and predicting prognosis. We performed a quantitative volumetric analysis to assess the diagnostic accuracy of histogram analysis of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) T1-weighted perfusion imaging in the preoperative evaluation of gliomas.

Methods: Sixty-three consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed gliomas who underwent baseline DWI and DCE-MRI were enrolled.

Differentiating benign from malignant vertebral fractures using T1 -weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.

Purpose: To differentiate pathologic from benign vertebral fractures, which can be challenging. We hypothesized that dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) can aid in the noninvasive distinction between pathologic and benign fractures.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive patients with vertebral fractures who underwent DCE-MRI, biopsy, and kyphoplasty were reviewed.

APOE polymorphisms and cognitive functions in patients with brain tumors.

Objective: The goal of this study was to assess whether the APOE ε4 allele and other APOE single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) influence neuropsychological and neuroimaging outcomes in patients with brain tumors.

Methods: Two hundred eleven patients with brain tumors participated in the study. All patients completed standardized neuropsychological tests and provided a blood sample for APOE genotyping.

Multimodality imaging of primary CNS lymphoma in immunocompetent patients.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) belongs to the group of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and the management of the disease is radically different from other central nervous system neoplasms. Owing to its varied appearance on imaging, diagnosis of PCNSL can be challenging. The purpose of this pictorial review is to depict the brain findings of PCNSL during initial diagnosis in immunocompetent individuals.

A phase II study of pralatrexate with vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation for previously treated recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell cancer.

Background: Pralatrexate (Fotolyn(TM); Allos Therapeutics Inc.) is an antifolate dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor. We conducted a phase II study of pralatrexate with folic acid and B12 supplementation in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell cancer (R/M HNSCC).

Measurement of blood perfusion in spinal metastases with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: evaluation of tumor response to radiation therapy.

Study Design: This was a retrospective study focusing on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) to assess treatment response in patients with spinal metastases.

Objective: To demonstrate DCE-MRI changes before and after radiation treatment and correlating with other imaging and clinical findings.

Summary Of Background Data: Currently, conventional imaging is limited in evaluating early treatment success or failure, which impacts patient care.