Anticoagulation for Patients Undergoing Implantation of a Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device.

Aims/background: The number of cardiac devices implanted increases year on year, as does the complexity of the patients being managed. A large proportion of this patient group have an indication for anticoagulation, and this raises challenges around the perioperative management of these agents.

Method: A quality improvement project was conducted to review current practice, understand local experience and improve patient care.

Noncontingent reinforcement without extinction plus differential reinforcement of alternative behavior during treatment of problem behavior.

The effects of noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) without extinction during treatment of problem behavior maintained by social positive reinforcement were evaluated for five individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. A continuous NCR schedule was gradually thinned to a fixed-time 5-min schedule. If problem behavior increased during NCR schedule thinning, a continuous NCR schedule was reinstated and NCR schedule thinning was repeated with differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) included.