Experiences in implementation and publication of operations research interventions: gaps and a way forward.

Introduction: According to UNAIDS, the world currently has an adequate collection of proven HIV prevention, treatment and diagnostic tools, which, if scaled up, can lay the foundation for ending the AIDS epidemic. HIV operations research (OR) tests and promotes the use of interventions that can increase the demand for and supply of these tools. However, current publications of OR mainly focus on outcomes, leaving gaps in reporting of intervention characteristics, which are essential to address for the utilization of OR findings.

Reducing HIV-related risk and mental health problems through a client-centred psychosocial intervention for vulnerable adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Introduction: Ethiopia is experiencing an increasingly urban HIV epidemic, alongside a rise in urban adolescent migration. Adolescent migrants are often confronted by unique social challenges, including living in a difficult environment, abuse and mental health problems. These issues can increase adolescents' vulnerability to HIV and compromise their capacity to protect themselves and others from HIV.

Reliability and Validity of an Interviewer-Administered Adaptation of the Youth Self-Report for Mental Health Screening of Vulnerable Young People in Ethiopia.

Objective: Evaluate the reliability and validity of the Youth Self-Report (YSR) as a screening tool for mental health problems among young people vulnerable to HIV in Ethiopia.

Design: A cross-sectional assessment of young people currently receiving social services.

Methods: Young people age 15-18 participated in a study where a translated and adapted version of the YSR was administered by trained nurses, followed by an assessment by Ethiopian psychiatrists.

Contribution of off-road tests to predicting on-road performance: a critical review of tests.

Background/aim: Driving is an essential activity of daily living. Because it is easily disrupted by illness or injury, it is a common subject of occupational therapy assessment. Assessments of driving are critically important and carry legal implications for therapists.

Predicting fitness to drive in people with cognitive impairments by using DriveSafe and DriveAware.

Objectives: To examine the psychometric properties of DriveSafe and DriveAware and their predictive validity.

Design: Prospective study compared screening tests with criterion standard.

Setting: Two driving rehabilitation centers affiliated with a university and a geriatric rehabilitation facility.

Awareness of driving ability in senior drivers with neurological conditions.

Objective: We sought to determine the agreement between rating of awareness based on scores on the Driving Awareness Questionnaire (DriveAware) and global judgments of awareness awarded after on-road assessment, thereby establishing the possibility of measuring drivers' awareness.

Method: A prospective cohort study of 60 senior drivers with neurological conditions who were referred for driving assessment. Awareness was rated as intact, partial, or absent on the basis of the discrepancy score between participants' and clinicians' responses to DriveAware.

Validity, reliability and predictive accuracy of the Driving Awareness Questionnaire.

Purpose: To examine the psychometric properties of the Driving Awareness Questionnaire (DriveAware) and to compare this rating of awareness of driving ability with the rating made in the context of an on-road assessment.

Method: A prospective design was employed to examine the psychometric properties of DriveAware using Rasch analysis. Participants (n = 91) with varying diagnoses were recruited from two driving rehabilitation centres in Sydney, Australia.

Predicting fitness to drive using the visual recognition slide test (USyd).

Objective: The authors examined the construct and predictive validity and internal reliability of the Visual Recognition Slide Test developed at the University of Sydney (VRST-USyd).

Method: A historical cohort study using retrospective descriptive analysis of VRST-USyd scores and on-road driving performance for 838 drivers with impairments was conducted.

Results: Rasch analysis provided evidence for the construct validity and internal reliability of the VRST-USyd.

Validity and reliability of the on-road driving assessment with senior drivers.

The on-road driving assessment is widely regarded as the criterion measure for driving performance despite a paucity of evidence concerning its psychometric properties. The purpose of this study was 2-fold. First, we examined the psychometric properties of an on-road driving assessment with 100 senior drivers between 60 and 86 years (80 healthy volunteers and 20 with specific vision deficits) using Rasch modeling.

Current licensing authority standards for peripheral visual field and safe on-road senior aged automobile driving performance.

Background: The current licensing authority's (Austroads) visual field standards are met when a person demonstrates an intact visual field extending horizontally at least 120 degrees within 10 degrees above and below the horizontal midline. A person cannot be licensed unconditionally if they have a hemianopia, quadrantanopia or any significant visual field loss (scotoma) that is likely to impede driving performance. Despite fairly rigorous implementation of these vision standards by licensing authorities, there is little scientific evidence available to demonstrate that a driver will or will not be safe on road depending on the extent of their visual field.