Neighborhood Racial and Ethnic Composition Typology and Breast Cancer Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Living in racially and ethnically segregated neighborhoods may increase the risk of breast cancer. We examined associations between neighborhood racial and ethnic composition typology and incident primary invasive breast cancer risk in a population-based sample of 102,615 African American/Black, Japanese American, Native Hawaiian, Latino, and White females residing in California and Hawaii from the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study between 1993-2019. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.

Joint Association of Education and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status with Smoking Behavior: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Background: Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable mortality. Both neighborhood- and individual-level socioeconomic status (SES) are inversely associated with smoking. However, their joint effect on smoking behavior has not been evaluated.

Racial/ethnic differences in risk factors for non-cardia gastric cancer: an analysis of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study.

Purpose: Gastric cancer (GC) incidence rates show notable differences by racial/ethnic groups in the US. We sought to determine whether stratification by race/ethnicity would reveal unique risk factors for development of non-cardia gastric cancer (NCGC) for US population.

Methods: Analysis included 1,112 incident cases of NCGC and 190,883 controls from the Multiethnic Cohort Study, a prospective US cohort study that recruited individuals living in Hawaii and California, aged 45-75 years from 5 races/ethnicities.

Immunological and molecular features of the tumor microenvironment of long-term survivors of ovarian cancer.

BACKGROUNDDespite an overall poor prognosis, about 15% of patients with advanced-stage tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) survive 10 or more years after standard treatment.METHODSWe evaluated the tumor microenvironment of this exceptional, understudied group using a large international cohort enriched for long-term survivors (LTS; 10+ years; n = 374) compared with mid-term (MTS; 5-7.99 years; n = 433) and short-term survivors (STS; 2-4.

Identification of proteins associated with type 2 diabetes risk in diverse racial and ethnic populations.

Aims/hypothesis: Several studies have reported associations between specific proteins and type 2 diabetes risk in European populations. To better understand the role played by proteins in type 2 diabetes aetiology across diverse populations, we conducted a large proteome-wide association study using genetic instruments across four racial and ethnic groups: African; Asian; Hispanic/Latino; and European.

Methods: Genome and plasma proteome data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) study involving 182 African, 69 Asian, 284 Hispanic/Latino and 409 European individuals residing in the USA were used to establish protein prediction models by using potentially associated cis- and trans-SNPs.

Breast, Colorectal, and Prostate Cancer Incidence among Filipino Americans by Generational Status in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Background: Filipino Americans constitute 12% and 4% of the respective populations of Hawaii and California, with a large proportion of immigrants experiencing increasing cancer rates. This study investigated the incidence of colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers by generational status in the Multiethnic Cohort.

Methods: We analyzed 10,495 Filipino Multiethnic Cohort first-, second-, and third-generation participants, in which 26.

Association of Adiposity Phenotypes with 27-Hydroxycholesterol and Sex Hormones: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Context: The distribution of body fat has been linked to circulating levels of lipids and sex-steroid hormones. The cholesterol metabolite and endogenous selective estrogen receptor modulator, 27-hydroxychlolesterol (27HC), may be influenced by adiposity phenotypes, particularly among females. No study has examined the relationships of 27HC and steroid hormones with adiposity phenotypes.

Socioeconomic Status, Lifestyle, and DNA Methylation Age Among Racially and Ethnically Diverse Adults: NIMHD Social Epigenomics Program.

Importance: Variation in DNA methylation at specific loci estimates biological age, which is associated with morbidity, mortality, and social experiences. Aging estimates known as epigenetic clocks, including the Dunedin Pace of Aging Calculated From the Epigenome (DunedinPACE), were trained on data predominately from individuals of European ancestry; however, limited research has explored DunedinPACE in underrepresented populations experiencing health disparities.

Objective: To investigate associations of neighborhood and individual sociobehavioral factors with biological aging in a racially and ethnically diverse population.

Prediction of future visceral adiposity and application to cancer research: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Background: We previously developed a prediction score for MRI-quantified abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) based on concurrent measurements of height, body mass index (BMI), and nine blood biomarkers, for optimal performance in five racial/ethnic groups. Here we evaluated the VAT score for prediction of future VAT and examined if enhancement with additional biomarkers, lifestyle behavior information, and medical history improves the prediction.

Methods: We examined 500 participants from the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) with detailed data (age 50-66) collected 10 years prior to their MRI assessment of VAT.

Diet Quality and Risk of Bladder Cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

This study analyzed the overall quality of the diet using predefined indices, including the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), the alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED) score, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), to explore their association with the risk of bladder cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Data were taken from 186,979 African American, Japanese American, Latino, Native Hawaiian, and non-Hispanic White participants aged 45-75 years, with 1152 incident cases of invasive bladder cancer during a mean follow-up period of 19.2 ± 6.

Concurrent RB1 Loss and BRCA Deficiency Predicts Enhanced Immunologic Response and Long-term Survival in Tubo-ovarian High-grade Serous Carcinoma.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate RB1 expression and survival across ovarian carcinoma histotypes and how co-occurrence of BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA) alterations and RB1 loss influences survival in tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC).

Experimental Design: RB1 protein expression was classified by immunohistochemistry in ovarian carcinomas of 7,436 patients from the Ovarian Tumor Tissue Analysis consortium. We examined RB1 expression and germline BRCA status in a subset of 1,134 HGSC, and related genotype to overall survival (OS), tumor-infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes, and transcriptomic subtypes.

Alcohol intake and endogenous sex hormones in women: Meta-analysis of cohort studies and Mendelian randomization.

Background: The mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced breast carcinogenesis are not fully understood but may involve hormonal changes.

Methods: Cross-sectional associations were investigated between self-reported alcohol intake and serum or plasma concentrations of estradiol, estrone, progesterone (in premenopausal women only), testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in 45 431 premenopausal and 173 476 postmenopausal women. Multivariable linear regression was performed separately for UK Biobank, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, and Endogenous Hormones and Breast Cancer Collaborative Group, and meta-analyzed the results.

Intake of Sugar and Food Sources of Sugar and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Background: The influence of sugar intake on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial, and there is a need to investigate the heterogeneity of effects among racial and ethnic groups.

Objectives: To examine the association of intake of simple sugars and their food sources with CRC risk according to race/ethnicity in a multiethnic cohort study.

Methods: We analyzed data from 192,651 participants who participated in the Multiethnic Cohort Study comprising African American, Japanese American, Latino, Native Hawaiian, and White older adults living in Hawaii and California with an average follow-up of 19 y.

Effect of Intermittent vs. Continuous Energy Restriction on Visceral Fat: Protocol for The Healthy Diet and Lifestyle Study 2 (HDLS2).

Obesity in the United States and Western countries represents a major health challenge associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and certain cancers. Our past work revealed a more pronounced obesity-cancer link in certain ethnic groups, motivating us to develop a tailored dietary intervention called the Healthy Diet and Lifestyle 2 (HDLS2). The study protocol is described herein for this randomized six-month trial examining the effects of intermittent energy restriction (5:2 Diet) plus the Mediterranean dietary pattern (IER + MED) on visceral adipose tissue (VAT), liver fat, and metabolic biomarkers, compared to a standard MED with daily energy restriction (DER + MED), in a diverse participant group.

Reproductive Factors and Thyroid Cancer Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Women are three times more likely to be diagnosed with thyroid cancer than men, with incidence rates per 100,000 in the United States of 20.2 for women and 7.4 for men.

Acculturation and Health Status in the Children's Healthy Living Program in the Pacific Region.

Acculturation/enculturation has been found to impact childhood health and obesity status. The objective of this study is to use cross-sectional data to examine the association between proxies of adult/caregiver acculturation/enculturation and child health status (Body Mass Index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], and acanthosis nigricans [AN]) in the U.S.

Arecoline in buccal cells reflects Areca nut dose.

Areca nut (AN) is a carcinogen; its chewing cessation is, therefore, of worldwide interest. However, cessation biomarkers are lacking. We sought to establish arecoline in chewers' buccal cells (BCs) as a biomarker for AN dose.

Time to Diagnosis and Treatment Initiation During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Rural Patients With Cancer.

Time to diagnosis (TTD) and treatment initiation (TTI) are important measures of access to and quality of cancer care. This study addressed the knowledge gap on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TTD and TTI for rural cancer patients. Sixty-three cancer patients residing in rural areas of the state of Hawaii were surveyed in 2020 to 2021.

Thyroid Cancer Survival in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Objective: The US 5-year survival rate after thyroid cancer (TC) diagnosis is over 95%. Our aim was to investigate survival differences by sex and race and ethnicity in a multiethnic US population.

Design: In the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study, a total of 605 incident TC cases were identified by linkage to HI and CA statewide cancer registries.

Proportion and Correlates of Children in the US-Affiliated Pacific Region Meeting Sleep, Screen Time, and Physical Activity Guidelines.

Introduction: Limited data on 24-hour movement behaviors of children aged 5-8 years exist globally. We describe the prevalence and sociodemographic associations of meeting physical activity (PA), sedentary recreational screen time (ST), and sleep guidelines among children from 11 jurisdictions in the US-Affiliated Pacific region.

Methods: Cross-sectional representative data from 1192 children aged 5-8 years living in the US-Affiliated Pacific region were drawn from the baseline 2012-2014 Children's Healthy Living Program.

Hypertension and Risk of Endometrial Cancer: A Pooled Analysis in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium (E2C2).

Background: The incidence rates of endometrial cancer are increasing, which may partly be explained by the rising prevalence of obesity, an established risk factor for endometrial cancer. Hypertension, another component of metabolic syndrome, is also increasing in prevalence, and emerging evidence suggests that it may be associated with the development of certain cancers. The role of hypertension independent of other components of metabolic syndrome in the etiology of endometrial cancer remains unclear.