Supporting strategies for enhancing vegetable liking in the early years of life: an umbrella review of systematic reviews.

Background: Many children worldwide do not eat recommended amounts of vegetables. Disliking vegetables is a key factor associated with low intake.

Objective: This umbrella review synthesized systematic reviews to determine the effectiveness of sensory and behavioral strategies to facilitate liking of vegetables (primary outcome) in young children up to 5 y of age, as key predictors of vegetable intake (secondary outcome).

Comparison of Early Feeding Practices in Mother-Father Dyads and Possible Generalization of an Efficacious Maternal Intervention to Fathers' Feeding Practices: A Secondary Analysis.

To compare feeding practices within mother-father dyads and explore whether outcomes of an efficacious intervention for mothers generalised to fathers' feeding practices. The NOURISH RCT evaluated an early feeding intervention that promoted positive feeding practices to support development of healthy eating habits and growth. The intervention was delivered to first-time mothers via 2 × 12 week modules commencing when children were 4 and 14 months.

Non-responsive feeding practices mediate the relationship between maternal and child obesogenic eating behaviours.

Both genetic and environmental influences underpin complex multidimensional associations between maternal and child eating behaviours, maternal feeding practices and child obesity risk. The aim of the present study was to explore cross-sectional relationships between maternal and child eating behaviours, and to examine whether maternal feeding practices mediate these relationships. Data were available from 478 Australian mothers (M = 38.

Interventions commenced by early infancy to prevent childhood obesity-The EPOCH Collaboration: An individual participant data prospective meta-analysis of four randomized controlled trials.

Background: Childhood obesity is a significant global problem. Childhood obesity prevention interventions may be more effective when started very early in life before metabolic and behavioural patterns are established.

Methods And Findings: A prospectively planned, individual participant data meta-analysis of four randomized controlled trials.

Feeding Practices and Parenting: A Pathway to Child Health and Family Happiness.

Feeding and parenting are inextricably linked. The complex bidirectional interactions between parent feeding practices and child eating behaviour shape the early feeding environment which in turn interacts with genetic predispositions to lay the foundation for life-long eating habits and health outcomes. Parent feeding and child (and parent) eating are central to the fabric of family life and are strongly rooted in culture and tradition.

Comparing barriers to breastfeeding success in the first month for non-overweight and overweight women.

Background: Women who enter pregnancy overweight or obese tend to have poorer breastfeeding outcomes compared to non-overweight women. Women's experiences of specific breastfeeding-related problems and reasons for use of formula have not been systematically investigated according to pre-pregnancy BMI. The aim of this study was to compare self-reported breastfeeding problems in non-overweight and overweight women and identify the main reasons for use of infant formula during the first month postpartum.

A description of health care system factors in the implementation of universal weight management services for children with overweight or obesity: case studies from Queensland and New South Wales, Australia.

Background: The prevalence of childhood obesity poses an urgent global challenge. The World Health Organization (WHO) Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity recommends the provision of appropriate family-based, lifestyle weight management services through universal health care to support families of children with overweight or obesity; however, there are few examples of their implementation 'at scale'. The purpose of this research was to compare and contrast the impact of system and organisational factors on the implementation of childhood obesity management services within two Australian States (New South Wales and Queensland) to comprehensively describe their influence on the achievement of the WHO recommendation.

Feeding a Fussy Eater: Examining Longitudinal Bidirectional Relationships Between Child Fussy Eating and Maternal Feeding Practices.

Objective: Child fussy eating has been associated with a range of maternal feeding practices; however, whether effects are parent-driven, child-driven, or bidirectional (i.e., both) remains unclear.

Pre-post evaluation of a weight management service for families with overweight and obese children, translated from the efficacious lifestyle intervention Parenting, Eating and Activity for Child Health (PEACH).

Parenting, Eating and Activity for Child Health (PEACH) is a multi-component lifestyle intervention for families with overweight and obese children. PEACH was translated from an efficacious randomised-controlled trial (RCT) and delivered at scale as PEACH Queensland (QLD) in Queensland, Australia. The aim of this study is to explore pre-post changes in parenting, and child-level eating, activity and anthropometry, in the PEACH QLD service delivery project.

Bidirectional associations between mothers' feeding practices and child eating behaviours.

Background: This study examined bidirectional relationships between maternal feeding practices and child food responsiveness and satiety responsiveness from 2 to 5 years.

Methods: Mothers (N = 207) reported their own feeding practices and child eating behaviours using validated questionnaires at child ages 2, 3.7, and 5 years.

CONSORT to community: translation of an RCT to a large-scale community intervention and learnings from evaluation of the upscaled program.

Background: Translation encompasses the continuum from clinical efficacy to widespread adoption within the healthcare service and ultimately routine clinical practice. The Parenting, Eating and Activity for Child Health (PEACH™) program has previously demonstrated clinical effectiveness in the management of child obesity, and has been recently implemented as a large-scale community intervention in Queensland, Australia. This paper aims to describe the translation of the evaluation framework from a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to large-scale community intervention (PEACH™ QLD).

A prospective study of breastfeeding intentions of healthy weight and overweight women as predictors of breastfeeding outcomes.

Objective: Women with a higher BMI are at increased risk of breastfeeding for a shorter duration, however it is unclear if weight status itself or other factors such as feeding intentions are responsible for early breastfeeding cessation. The aim of this study was determine the influence of maternal pre-pregnancy weight status on infant feeding intentions during pregnancy using a validated scale and assess whether high intentions to exclusively breastfeed measured during pregnancy predicted feeding mode at discharge and at 4 months postpartum in both healthy weight (Hwt) (BMI< 25kg/m) and overweight (Owt)(BMI > 25kg/m) women.

Design: This prospective, observational study commenced when participants were <20 weeks gestation, continuing until four months post partum.

Obesogenic eating behaviors mediate the relationships between psychological problems and BMI in children.

Objective: To examine the association between psychological problems and weight status in children aged 3.5 to 4 years and test whether obesogenic eating behaviors mediate this relationship.

Methods: This study is a cross-sectional secondary analysis of data from first-time mothers (N = 194) in the control arm of the NOURISH randomized controlled trial.

Complementary Feeding in an Obesogenic Environment: Behavioral and Dietary Quality Outcomes and Interventions.

The WHO infant feeding guidelines, including those for complementary feeding (CF), are very prescriptive, largely based on the outcomes of exclusive breastfeeding, and have a bias towards undernutrition. Consideration of longer-term outcomes related to overnutrition, the predominant nutrition problem in affluent countries, is limited. Compared to the ongoing and often zealous debates regarding the short- and long-term benefits of exclusive breastfeeding to 6 months in affluent countries, exposures (particularly feeding practices) and outcomes related to CF, independent of exclusive breastfeeding, have received little attention.

Prospective Relationships between Health Cognitions and Excess Gestational Weight Gain in a Cohort of Healthy and Overweight Pregnant Women.

Background: Excess gestational weight gain (GWG) contributes to long-term obesity in mothers and children. To guide the tailoring of interventions to prevent excess GWG, a better understanding is needed of the lifestyle-related health cognitions that influence women's attempts to manage GWG.

Objective: To examine the relationship between health cognitions and excess GWG for women who enter pregnancy at a healthy weight (body mass index <25) or overweight (body mass index ≥25).

Facilitators and Barriers to the Achievement of Healthy Lifestyle Goals: Qualitative Findings From Australian Parents Enrolled in the PEACH Child Weight Management Program.

Objectives: To describe the qualitative research methods used in the Parenting Eating and Activity for Child Health (PEACH) randomized controlled trial and to examine parent-reported facilitators and barriers to the achievement of program goals.

Design: Qualitative study using semistructured interviews.

Setting: Parents enrolled in the Australian PEACH randomized controlled trial, a family-focused child weight management program conducted blinded for review.

Mealtime Structure and Responsive Feeding Practices Are Associated With Less Food Fussiness and More Food Enjoyment in Children.

Objective: To identify associations between structure-related and non-responsive feeding practices and children's eating behaviors.

Design: Cross-sectional online survey design.

Participants: Parents (n = 413) of 1- to 10-year-old children.

A Cross Sectional Comparison of Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling Factors for Lifestyle Health Behaviours and Weight Gain in Healthy and Overweight Pregnant Women.

Objectives Little is known about the antecedents to dietary and physical activity behaviours that can support healthy gestational weight gain (GWG) across different weight status groups in pregnancy. The aim of this study was to use constructs common to dominant health behaviour theories to determine if predisposing, reinforcing and enabling factors for healthy eating, physical activity and weight gain differed between healthy and overweight pregnant women. Methods Pregnant women (n = 664) aged 29 ± 5 (mean ± SD) years were recruited at 16 ± 2 weeks gestation.

The relationship between maternal feeding beliefs and practices and perceptions of infant eating behaviours at 4 months.

Parental feeding practices and children's eating behaviours are inter-related and both have been implicated in the development of childhood obesity. However, research on the parent-child feeding relationship during the first few months of life is limited. The aim of this study was to examine the cross-sectional relationship between maternal feeding beliefs and practices and infant eating behaviours in a community sample.

The Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire (FPSQ-28): A parsimonious version validated for longitudinal use from 2 to 5 years.

Prospective studies and intervention evaluations that examine change over time assume that measurement tools measure the same construct at each occasion. In the area of parent-child feeding practices, longitudinal measurement properties of the questionnaires used are rarely verified. To ascertain that measured change in feeding practices reflects true change rather than change in the assessment, structure, or conceptualisation of the constructs over time, this study examined longitudinal measurement invariance of the Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire (FPSQ) subscales (9 constructs; 40 items) across 3 time points.

Breastfeeding Duration and Authoritative Feeding Practices in First-Time Mothers.

Background: Longer breastfeeding duration appears to have a protective effect against childhood obesity. This effect may be partially mediated by maternal feeding practices during the first years of life. However, the few studies that have examined links between breastfeeding duration and subsequent feeding practices have yielded conflicting results.

The Relationship between Number of Fruits, Vegetables, and Noncore Foods Tried at Age 14 Months and Food Preferences, Dietary Intake Patterns, Fussy Eating Behavior, and Weight Status at Age 3.7 Years.

Objective: We examined whether exposure to a greater number of fruits, vegetables, and noncore foods (ie, nutrient poor and high in saturated fats, added sugars, or added salt) at age 14 months was related to children's preference for and intake of these foods as well as maternal-reported food fussiness and measured child weight status at age 3.7 years.

Methods: This study reports secondary analyses of longitudinal data from mothers and children (n=340) participating in the NOURISH randomized controlled trial.

Extending the validity of the Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire.

Background: Feeding practices are commonly examined as potentially modifiable determinants of children's eating behaviours and weight status. Although a variety of questionnaires exist to assess different feeding aspects, many lack thorough reliability and validity testing. The Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire (FPSQ) is a tool designed to measure early feeding practices related to non-responsive feeding and structure of the meal environment.

An Early Feeding Practices Intervention for Obesity Prevention.

Objective: Report long-term outcomes of the NOURISH randomized controlled trial (RCT), which evaluated a universal intervention commencing in infancy to provide anticipatory guidance to first-time mothers on "protective" complementary feeding practices that were hypothesized to reduce childhood obesity risk.

Methods: The NOURISH RCT enrolled 698 mothers (mean age 30.1 years, SD = 5.

Food neophobia and its association with diet quality and weight in children aged 24 months: a cross sectional study.

Background: Food neophobia, the rejection of unknown or novel foods, may result in poor dietary patterns. This study investigates the cross-sectional relationship between neophobia in children aged 24 months and variety of fruit and vegetable consumption, intake of discretionary foods and weight.

Methods: Secondary analysis of data from 330 parents of children enrolled in the NOURISH RCT (control group only) and SAIDI studies was performed using data collected at child age 24 months.