Development of a centralised national AED (automated external defibrillator) network across all ambulance services in the United Kingdom.

Background: Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation is key to increasing survival following an out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest (OHCA). However, automated external defibrillators (AEDs) are used in a very small percentage of cases. Despite large numbers of AEDs in the community, the absence of a unified system for registering their locations across the UK's ambulance services may have resulted in missed opportunities to save lives.

Resuscitation on the field of play: a best-practice guideline from Resuscitation Council UK.

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is the leading cause of sudden death in athletes during high-level, organised sport. Patient-related and event-related factors provide an opportunity for rapid intervention and the potential for high survival rates. The aim of this consensus was to develop a best-practice guideline for dedicated field-of-play medical teams responding to SCA during an organised sporting event.

S100A10 Has a Critical Regulatory Function in Mammary Tumor Growth and Metastasis: Insights Using MMTV-PyMT Oncomice and Clinical Patient Sample Analysis.

S100A10 (p11) is a plasminogen receptor that regulates cellular plasmin generation by cancer cells. In the current study, we used the MMTV-PyMT mouse breast cancer model, patient tumor microarray, and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis to investigate the role of p11 in oncogenesis. The genetic deletion of p11 resulted in significantly decreased tumor onset, growth rate, and spontaneous pulmonary metastatic burden in the PyMT/p11-KO (knock-out) mice.

Optimal Terminology for Services in the United States That Incorporate Horses to Benefit People: A Consensus Document.

To recommend (1) the adoption of optimal terminology for referring to services in the United States that incorporate horses and other equines to benefit people, and (2) the discontinuation of especially problematic terminology. A diverse multidisciplinary consortium of individuals, including representatives of relevant national organizations, participated in an inclusive, systematic, and comprehensive 2-year consensus-building process. Twelve specific types of services were identified that relate to one of three broad areas of professional work: therapy, learning, or horsemanship.

Feasibility and Utility of a Cardiovascular Risk Screening Tool in Women Undergoing Routine Gynecology Evaluation.

Background: The goals of this multicenter survey were to examine the prevalence and patient awareness of cardiovascular risk factors, and the association between history of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO—including gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia) and prevalence of cardiovascular risks among women presenting to outpatient obstetrics/gynecology (OB/GYN) clinics.

Materials And Methods: We surveyed 2,946 female patients attending 16 outpatient OB/GYN clinics across the United States between January 2010 and January 2012. Main outcome measures were self-reported cardiovascular risk factors and symptoms such as angina and dyspnea.

Prolactin and androgen R1881 induce pro-survival carboxypeptidase-D and EDD E3 ligase in triple-negative and HER2+ breast cancer.

Plasma membrane carboxypeptidase-D (CPD) hydrolyzes C-terminal arginine (Arg) from extracellular substrates, and Arg is converted into nitric oxide (NO) in the cell. CPD is upregulated by prolactin (PRL) and androgens in breast cancer (BCa) cells, increasing NO production to promote cell survival. EDD E3 ubiquitin ligase, upregulated by PRL/androgens, is implicated in TORC1 signaling.

Identifying invariant ergodic subsets and barriers to mixing by cutting and shuffling: Study in a birotated hemisphere.

Mixing by cutting and shuffling can be mathematically described by the dynamics of piecewise isometries (PWIs), higher dimensional analogs of one-dimensional interval exchange transformations. In a two-dimensional domain under a PWI, the exceptional set, E[over ¯], which is created by the accumulation of cutting lines (the union of all iterates of cutting lines and all points that pass arbitrarily close to a cutting line), defines where mixing is possible but not guaranteed. There is structure within E[over ¯] that directly influences the mixing potential of the PWI.

Long-term field performance of a conventional and modified bioretention system for removing dissolved nitrogen species in stormwater runoff.

Bioretention systems are efficient at removing particulates, metals, and hydrocarbons from stormwater runoff. However, managing dissolved nitrogen (N) species (dissolved organic N, NH, NO, NO) is a challenge for these systems. This paper reports the results of a long-term field study comparing N removal of: 1) a modified bioretention system that included an internal water storage zone containing wood chips to promote denitrification and 2) a conventional bioretention system.

Prolactin-inducible EDD E3 ubiquitin ligase promotes TORC1 signalling, anti-apoptotic protein expression, and drug resistance in breast cancer cells.

Previously, we identified a prolactin (PRL)-inducible gene encoding EDD E3 ubiquitin ligase in human breast cancer (BCa) cells. We reported that EDD binds the mTOR (TORC1)-associated α4 phosphoprotein-PP2Ac protein phosphatase complex that regulates initiation of translation and cell cycle progression, and that EDD targets PP2Ac for proteasomal degradation. The present study showed that EDD immunostaining was low in benign human breast tissues, but increased progressively in ductal carcinoma in-situ, low-grade, and high-grade BCa, and in triple-negative BCa (TNBC).

Cutting and shuffling a hemisphere: Nonorthogonal axes.

We examine the dynamics of cutting-and-shuffling a hemispherical shell driven by alternate rotation about two horizontal axes using the framework of piecewise isometry (PWI) theory. Previous restrictions on how the domain is cut-and-shuffled are relaxed to allow for nonorthogonal rotation axes, adding a new degree of freedom to the PWI. A new computational method for efficiently executing the cutting-and-shuffling using parallel processing allows for extensive parameter sweeps and investigations of mixing protocols that produce a low degree of mixing.

Mixing and the fractal geometry of piecewise isometries.

Mathematical concepts often have applicability in areas that may have surprised their original developers. This is the case with piecewise isometries (PWIs), which transform an object by cutting it into pieces that are then rearranged to reconstruct the original object, and which also provide a paradigm to study mixing via cutting and shuffling in physical sciences and engineering. Every PWI is characterized by a geometric structure called the exceptional set, E, whose complement comprises nonmixing regions in the domain.

Prolactin/androgen-inducible carboxypeptidase-D increases with nitrotyrosine and Ki67 for breast cancer progression in vivo, and upregulates progression markers VEGF-C and Runx2 in vitro.

Purpose: Carboxypeptidase-D (CPD) cleaves C-terminal arginine (Arg) to produce nitric oxide (NO). Upregulation of CPD and NO by 17β-estradiol, prolactin (PRL), and androgen increases survival of human breast cancer (BCa) cells in vitro. To demonstrate similar events in vivo, CPD, nitrotyrosine (NT, hallmark of NO action), androgen receptor (AR), prolactin receptor (PRLR), and phospho-Stat5a (for activated PRLR) levels were evaluated in benign and malignant human breast tissues, and correlated with cell proliferation (Ki67) and BCa progression (Cullin-3) biomarkers.

The evolution of an integrated ultrasound curriculum (iUSC) for medical students: 9-year experience.

Interest in ultrasound education in medical schools has increased dramatically in recent years as reflected in a marked increase in publications on the topic and growing attendance at international meetings on ultrasound education. In 2006, the University of South Carolina School of Medicine introduced an integrated ultrasound curriculum (iUSC) across all years of medical school. That curriculum has evolved significantly over the 9 years.

Prolactin- and testosterone-induced carboxypeptidase-D correlates with increased nitrotyrosines and Ki67 in prostate cancer.

Background: Carboxypeptidase-D (CPD) cleaves C-terminal arginine for conversion to nitric oxide (NO) by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Prolactin (PRL) and androgens stimulate CPD gene transcription and expression, which increases intracellular production of NO to promote viability of prostate cancer (PCa) cells in vitro. The current study evaluated whether hormonal upregulation of CPD and NO promote PCa cell viabilty in vivo, by correlating changes in expression of CPD and nitrotyrosine residues (products of NO action) with proliferation marker Ki67 and associated proteins during PCa development and progression.

A Tire-Sulfur Hybrid Adsorption Denitrification (T-SHAD) process for decentralized wastewater treatment.

Nitrogen discharges from decentralized wastewater treatment (DWT) systems contribute to surface and groundwater contamination. However, the high variability in loading rates, long idle periods and lack of regular maintenance presents a challenge for biological nitrogen removal in DWT. A Tire-Sulfur Hybrid Adsorption Denitrification (T-SHAD) process was developed that combines nitrate (NO3(-)) adsorption to scrap tire chips with sulfur-oxidizing denitrification.

Carboxypeptidase-D is elevated in prostate cancer and its anti-apoptotic activity is abolished by combined androgen and prolactin receptor targeting.

Background: Carboxypeptidase-D (CPD) cleaves C-terminal arginine for nitric oxide (NO) production. CPD and NO levels are upregulated by testosterone (T) and prolactin (PRL) to promote survival of prostate cancer (pCa) cells. This study evaluated CPD immunostaining and T/PRL regulation of CPD and NO levels in benign and malignant prostate tissues/cells to determine the role of CPD in pCa.

Prolactin/Stat5 and androgen R1881 coactivate carboxypeptidase-D gene in breast cancer cells.

Plasma membrane-bound carboxypeptidase-D (CPD) cleaves C-terminal arginine from extracellular substrates. In the cell, arginine is converted to nitric oxide (NO). We have reported that up-regulation of CPD mRNA/protein levels by 17β-estradiol and prolactin (PRL) in breast cancer cells, and by testosterone in prostate cancer cells, increased NO production and cell survival.

Progestin-inducible EDD E3 ubiquitin ligase binds to α4 phosphoprotein to regulate ubiquitination and degradation of protein phosphatase PP2Ac.

Mammalian α4 phosphoprotein binds to the protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit (PP2Ac) to regulate PP2A activity, and to poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) and progestin-inducible EDD E3 ubiquitin ligase. This study showed induction of the EDD protein by progesterone, 17β-estradiol and prolactin in breast cancer cells. Co-immunoprecipitation analyses, using lysates of COS-1 cells transfected with α4-deletion constructs, showed the α4 N-terminus binding to endogenous PP2Ac and PABP, and the C-terminus to EDD.

Skin lighteners, Black consumers and Jewish entrepreneurs in South Africa.

This article considers the rise and decline of South Africa's lucrative and controversial skin-lighteners market through examination of the business history of the largest manufacturers, Abraham and Solomon Krok, and their evolving personas as millionaires and philanthropists. Such examination reveals how the country's skin-lighteners trade emerged as part of the broader growth of a black consumer market after the Second World War and how elements of that market became the target of anti-apartheid protests in subsequent decades. It also demonstrates how the Kroks' experiences as second-generation Jewish immigrants shaped their involvement in the trade and how, later, their self-identification as Jewish philanthropists informed their efforts to rehabilitate their reputations following South Africa's 1990 ban on all skin lighteners.

Testosterone and prolactin increase carboxypeptidase-D and nitric oxide levels to promote survival of prostate cancer cells.

Background: Plasma-membrane carboxypeptidase-D (CPD) releases arginine from extracellular substrates. Arginine is converted intracellularly to nitric oxide (NO). This study determined the effects of testosterone (T) and prolactin (PRL) on CPD expression, and the role(s) of CPD in NO production and survival of prostate cancer (PCa) cells.