Research Priorities for Childhood Apraxia of Speech: A Long View.

This article introduces the Special Issue: Selected Papers From the 2022 Apraxia Kids Research Symposium. The field of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) has developed significantly in the past 15 years, with key improvements in understanding of basic biology including genetics, neuroscience, and computational modelling; development of diagnostic tools and methods; diversity of evidence-based interventions with increasingly rigorous experimental designs; and understanding of impacts beyond impairment-level measures. Papers in this special issue not only review and synthesize the some of the substantial progress to date but also present novel findings addressing critical research gaps and adding to the overall body of knowledge.

Preservation of whole antibodies within ancient teeth.

Archaeological remains can preserve some proteins into deep time, offering remarkable opportunities for probing past events in human history. Recovering functional proteins from skeletal tissues could uncover a molecular memory related to the life-history of the associated remains. We demonstrate affinity purification of whole antibody molecules from medieval human teeth, dating to the 13-15 centuries, from skeletons with different putative pathologies.

Challenges that healthcare practitioners experience in the comprehensive assessment of patients with non-communicable diseases: a preliminary investigation.

Background: Resource allocation and access to comprehensive treatment in the public healthcare sector are always under pressure. This pressure takes the form of staff shortages, treatment models and the holistic care of patients, compromising basic healthcare in South Africa.

Objectives: The study's aim was to determine the challenges that healthcare practitioners experience while assessing patients with non-communicable diseases, in private and public healthcare sectors in the Gauteng Province of South Africa.

Molecular insights into an ancient form of Paget's disease of bone.

Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a chronic skeletal disorder that can affect one or several bones in individuals older than 55 y of age. PDB-like changes have been reported in archaeological remains as old as Roman, although accurate diagnosis and natural history of the disease is lacking. Six skeletons from a collection of 130 excavated at Norton Priory in the North West of England, which dates to medieval times, show atypical and extensive pathological changes resembling contemporary PDB affecting as many as 75% of individual skeletons.

Effects of an anti-TSLP antibody on allergen-induced asthmatic responses.

Background: Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelial-cell-derived cytokine that may be important in initiating allergic inflammation. AMG 157 is a human anti-TSLP monoclonal immunoglobulin G2λ that binds human TSLP and prevents receptor interaction.

Methods: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we randomly assigned 31 patients with mild allergic asthma to receive three monthly doses of AMG 157 (700 mg) or placebo intravenously.

Nightguard vital bleaching: side effects and patient satisfaction 10 to 17 years post-treatment.

Statement Of The Problem:   The long-term patient satisfaction and safety of nightguard vital bleaching (NGVB) requires further evaluation.

Purpose Of The Study:   The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients' satisfaction and identify side effects of NGVB up to 17 years post-treatment.

Materials And Methods:   Thirty-one participants who had completed previous NGVB studies using 10% carbamide peroxide were contacted at least 10 years post-treatment (range 10-17 years, average 12.

Structure based evolution of a novel series of positive modulators of the AMPA receptor.

Starting from compound 1, we utilized biostructural data to successfully evolve an existing series into a new chemotype with a promising overall profile, exemplified by 19.

A novel series of positive modulators of the AMPA receptor: structure-based lead optimization.

Starting from lead compound 1, we demonstrate how X-ray structural data can be used to understand SAR and expediently optimize bioavailability in a novel series of AMPA receptor modulators, furnishing 5 with improved bioavailability and robust in vivo activity.

A novel series of positive modulators of the AMPA receptor: discovery and structure based hit-to-lead studies.

Starting from an HTS derived hit 1, application of biostructural data facilitated rapid optimization to lead 22, a novel AMPA receptor modulator. This is the first demonstration of how structure based drug design can be exploited in an optimization program for a glutamate receptor.

Childhood asthma: ED follow-up determinants.

Introduction: This comparative correlational study investigated families who use the emergency department for childhood asthma to identify determinants of follow-up care. The primary hypothesis was: families who obtain follow-up care differ in predisposing, enabling, and need characteristics from families who do not obtain follow-up care.

Method: A convenience sample of 63 children presenting to the pediatric emergency department of a Central Florida hospital were enrolled.

Innovative solutions: my heart is a what?! Creativity in critical care education.

Nurses teach patients, families, and other healthcare providers. All of us teach our neighbors and communities. Choosing strategies for teaching essential content is the challenge we face every day.

Evaluation of side effects and patients' perceptions during tooth bleaching.

Objective: The objective of this nightguard vital bleaching (NGVB) study was to compare tooth sensitivity (TS), gingival irritation (GIr), and other side effects, as well as patients' perceptions during tooth bleaching, from treatment with experimental 5 and 7% hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching solutions with those of a commercially available 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) product.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-one participants completed the study wearing a scalloped maxillary treatment tray without reservoirs with the different concentrations of bleaching gels for 30 minutes twice a day for 7 days. Parameters evaluated were changes in gingival index (GI), nonmarginal gingival index, nongingival oral mucosal index, and tooth vitality.

Desensitizing agent efficacy during whitening in an at-risk population.

Background: Nightguard vital bleaching (NGVB) has gained acceptance among dentists and patients as a simple and effective procedure to lighten discolored teeth. Although the efficacy and predictability of NGVB have been well established, it has been documented that patients undergoing the procedure may experience side effects such as tooth sensitivity (TS) and gingival irritation (GI). A previous NGVB study suggested that selected participants might benefit from a regimen of a desensitizing agent (DSA) to decrease or prevent TS during whitening.

Does radiotherapy around the time of pregnancy for Hodgkin's disease modify the risk of breast cancer?

Purpose: To determine whether the risk of secondary breast cancer after radiotherapy (RT) for Hodgkin's disease is greater among women who underwent RT around time of pregnancy.

Methods And Materials: The records of 382 women treated with RT for Hodgkin's disease were reviewed and divided into those who received RT around the time of pregnancy and those who were not pregnant. Comparisons of the overall incidence, actuarial rates, and latency to breast cancer between the two groups were made.

Scleredema adultorum of Buschke treated with radiation.

Background: Scleredema adultorum of Buschke is an uncommon skin condition that may accompany diabetes mellitus. Current therapeutic options are poor, with only case reports and small series supporting their use.

Observation: We describe 3 patients with severe restrictive scleredema associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus who responded to radiation therapy after other treatments had failed.

The application of electron beam delivery using dose rate variation and dynamic couch motion in conformal treatment of the cranial-spinal axis.

Radiation therapy to the cranial-spinal axis is typically targeted to the spinal cord and to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the subarachnoid space adjacent to the spinal cord and brain. Standard techniques employed in the treatment of the whole central nervous system do little to compensate for the varying depths of spinal cord along the length of the spinal field. Lateral simulation films, sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computerized tomography (CT) are used to estimate an average prescription depth for treatment along the spine field.

Gene therapy in the post-Gelsinger era.

As gene therapy research races to a first cure of a genetic-based disease, the research community has struggled with the aftermath of the well-publicized death of Jesse Gelsinger from complications of an experimental treatment. In a wrongful death lawsuit against the University of Pennsylvania and its researchers, Jesse Gelsinger's family alleged violations of federal regulations and research ethics. This article reviews gene therapy research, examines the role of the key players in this tragedy, and provides suggestions for preventing future misfortunes.

Complex karyotypic abnormality in ovarian fibroma associated with Gorlin syndrome.

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma (NBCC) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by distinctive congenital malformations and a variety of benign and malignant neoplasms, including ovarian fibromas. We describe pathologic and cytogenetic findings in a large unilateral ovarian fibroma from a 12-year-old female with NBCC syndrome. The pathologic findings were characteristic for ovarian fibroma, but were unusual for the ovarian fibromas associated with NBCC syndrome because of the absence of calcification, the lack of bilaterality, and the presence of focal hypercellularity.

Cytodifferentiation and clinical outcome after chemotherapy and radiation therapy for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS).

Background: Second-look surgery after therapy for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) may yield prognostic information regarding tumor responsiveness to treatment. Favorable outcome is suggested by tumor cells which have undergone maturation (cytodifferentiation).

Procedure: Specimens from patients treated on Intergroup RMS Study-IV (IRSG-IV) were studied before and after treatment.