Update: Lung-RADS 2022.

- Update articles supplement or update information found in full-length articles previously published in . These updates, written by at least one author of the previous article, provide a brief synopsis that emphasizes important new information such as technological advances, revised imaging protocols, new clinical guidelines involving imaging, or updated classification schemes.

Lung-RADS: Pushing the Limits.

In response to the recommendation of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and the coverage decision by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services for lung cancer screening (LCS) computed tomography (CT), the American College of Radiology introduced the Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) in 2014 to standardize the reporting and management of screening-detected lung nodules.

Association between mucoid Pseudomonas infection and bronchiectasis in children with cystic fibrosis.

Purpose: To correlate the severity of bronchiectasis in children with cystic fibrosis with clinical and microbiologic variables in order to clarify risk factors for the development of irreversible lung disease.

Materials And Methods: After institutional review board approval and parental informed consents were obtained, a HIPAA-compliant longitudinal epidemiologic evaluation was performed in patients with cystic fibrosis who were enrolled in the Wisconsin trial of newborn screening from 1985 to 2009. Thin-section chest computed tomography (CT) was used in a prospective cross-sectional design to study patients ranging in age from 6.

Microwave ablation with triaxial antennas tuned for lung: results in an in vivo porcine model.

Purpose: To prospectively determine in swine the size and shape of coagulation zones created in normal lung tissue by using small-diameter triaxial microwave antennas and to prospectively quantify the effects of bronchial occlusion and multiple antennas on the coagulation zone.

Materials And Methods: The study was approved by the research animal care and use committee, and all husbandry and experimental studies were compliant with the National Research Council's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Twenty-four coagulation zones (three per animal) were created at thoracotomy in eight female domestic swine (mean weight, 55 kg) by using a microwave ablation system with 17-gauge lung-tuned triaxial antennas.

Multidetector computed tomography detection of bronchial diverticula.

Bronchial diverticula are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. With newer scanners, small structures such as these air-filled diverticula will be visible and could be mistaken for pneumomediastinum. We present a case in which retrospectively reconstructed thin-section computed tomography clearly depicted the presence of multiple bronchial diverticula enabling the diagnosis to be made with certainty.

Reproducibility of a scoring system for computed tomography scanning in cystic fibrosis.

Introduction: Computerized tomography (CT) scanning shows promise as an outcome surrogate for cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease progression. The scoring system used to convert the CT image to numeric data is an essential determinant of the performance of CT scanning.

Methods: Three radiologists independently scored 16 high-resolution CT scans performed on children in the Wisconsin CF Neonatal Screening Project.

Dual-energy subtraction chest radiography: what to look for beyond calcified nodules.

Dual-energy subtraction chest radiography is a robust and powerful tool that improves the ability to detect and accurately diagnose a wide variety of thoracic abnormalities on posteroanterior-lateral chest images. Dual-energy subtraction chest radiography has many advantages over conventional chest radiography that facilitate image interpretation. The major advantage of this imaging technique is that it more clearly depicts calcification, which greatly aids in characterizing pulmonary nodules.

Anatomic pitfalls of the heart and pericardium.

Recent technologic advances have led to more frequent dedicated cross-sectional imaging of the heart. Faster scanning techniques, cardiac gating, and advanced postprocessing software allow improved visualization of finer anatomic details of the heart and pericardium compared with older techniques and software. Use of thin-section computed tomography (CT) or image reformatting in nonaxial planes may be helpful in some cases.

Optimizing electronic presentations.

Rationale And Objectives: Radiologists often use electronic presentations for educational and research purposes. Many physician educators may not know how to best utilize this technology.

Materials And Methods: A literature search was performed to find information regarding optimal use of electronic presentations.

Automated storage and retrieval of thin-section CT images to assist diagnosis: system description and preliminary assessment.

A software system and database for computer-aided diagnosis with thin-section computed tomographic (CT) images of the chest was designed and implemented. When presented with an unknown query image, the system uses pattern recognition to retrieve visually similar images with known diagnoses from the database. A preliminary validation trial was conducted with 11 volunteers who were asked to select the best diagnosis for a series of test images, with and without software assistance.

Image-guided coaxial fine needle aspiration biopsy with a side-exiting guide.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and complication rates of a side-exiting coaxial needle system for fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies.

Method: Between 1995 and 1998, 127 nonconsecutive biopsies were performed on 122 patients (74 males, 48 females). CT guidance was used in 111, ultrasound guidance was used in 14, and both were used in 2 biopsies.