Development of a goat model for evaluation of withaferin A: Cervical implants for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Cervical cancer is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). The disease develops over many years through a series of precancerous lesions. Cervical cancer can be prevented by HPV-vaccination, screening and treatment of precancer before development of cervical cancer.

Exosomal delivery of berry anthocyanidins for the management of ovarian cancer.

Despite optimal diagnosis and early therapeutic interventions, the prognosis for ovarian cancer patients remains dismal because the efficacy of chemotherapy is limited by the development of resistance and off-site toxicity. Berry bioactives indicate preventive and therapeutic activities against various cancer types. Here, we examined the antiproliferative activity of berry anthocyanidins (Anthos) against drug-sensitive (A2780) and drug-resistant (A2780/CP70, OVCA432 and OVCA433) ovarian cancer cells.

Computed tomography-planned interstitial brachytherapy for locally advanced gynecologic cancer: Outcomes and dosimetric predictors of urinary toxicity.

Purpose: To identify dosimetric predictors of outcome and toxicity in patients receiving CT-planned interstitial brachytherapy (ISBT) for gynecologic cancers.

Methods And Materials: Patients who received ISBT between 2009 and 2014 were reviewed. Demographic, disease specific, treatment, and toxicity data were collected.

Computed tomography planned interstitial brachytherapy for recurrent gynecologic cancer.

Purpose: To report outcomes and identify predictors of toxicity in patients undergoing reirradiation with interstitial brachytherapy (ISBT) for recurrent cancers of the female reproductive tract.

Methods And Materials: Twenty-one patients received ISBT performed using (192)Ir sources (10 low dose rate and 11 high dose rate) at our institution between 2009 and 2013. Demographic, disease specific, treatment, toxicity, and outcome data were collected.

Society of Gynecologic Oncology recommendations for the prevention of ovarian cancer.

Mortality from ovarian cancer may be dramatically reduced with the implementation of attainable prevention strategies. The new understanding of the cells of origin and the molecular etiology of ovarian cancer warrants a strong recommendation to the public and health care providers. This document discusses potential prevention strategies, which include 1) oral contraceptive use, 2) tubal sterilization, 3) risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in women at high hereditary risk of breast and ovarian cancer, 4) genetic counseling and testing for women with ovarian cancer and other high-risk families, and 5) salpingectomy after childbearing is complete (at the time of elective pelvic surgeries, at the time of hysterectomy, and as an alternative to tubal ligation).

Improving quality and decreasing cost in gynecologic oncology care. Society of gynecologic oncology recommendations for clinical practice.

Objective: To identify potential cost savings in gynecologic oncology care without sacrificing quality.

Methods: Members of the Clinical Practice Committee of the Society of Gynecologic Oncology were asked to review current practice patterns in gynecologic oncology and assess the potential for cost savings founded on evidence-based medicine and current guidelines.

Results: Five clinical practices were identified including the following: vaginal cytology for endometrial cancer survivors; colposcopy for low grade cytologic abnormalities for cervical cancer survivors; routine imaging studies for gynecologic cancer survivors; screening for ovarian cancer with serum biomarkers and ultrasound; and improving palliative care for gynecologic cancer patients.

Catumaxomab for the treatment of malignant ascites in patients with chemotherapy-refractory ovarian cancer: a phase II study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal catumaxomab in heavily pretreated patients with chemotherapy-refractory ovarian cancer and recurrent symptomatic malignant ascites.

Methods: The study is a single-arm open-label multicenter US phase II study. Patients received 4 three-hour intraperitoneal catumaxomab infusions (10, 20, 50, and 150 μg within 10 days).

Clear cell adenocarcinoma arising in an adenomyoma of the broad ligament.

Extrauterine adenomyomas are extremely rare benign tumors of smooth muscles, endometrial glands, and endometrial stroma. Ectopic endometrial glands can undergo malignant change. The ovary is the most common site of malignant change in endometriosis.

Vaginal cells of smokers are more resistant to human papillomavirus infection than that of non-smokers.

To evaluate effect of HPV and smoking on DNA double-strand breaks in vaginal samples, vaginal specimens collected from participants (n=76) were classified based on HPV and smoking status, and DNA double-strand breaks measured using comet assay. Mean tail length (31.2±18.

Clinical significance of inadequate endometrial biopsies prior to hysterectomy.

Objective: To evaluate preoperative clinical risk factors associated with significant uterine histopathologic abnormalities in final hysterectomy specimens in patients with inadequate preoperative endometrial biopsies.

Study Design: This is an institutional review board-approved, retrospective cohort analysis of 469 consecutive patients who underwent preoperative endometrial biopsies with subsequent hysterectomy from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2009, at the University of Louisville Medical Center. We analyzed risk factors for inadequate biopsy and for final diagnosis of endometrial pathology (defined as endometrial hyperplasia or uterine cancer).

Nodal metastasis risk in endometrioid endometrial cancer.

Objective: To estimate the risk for nodal metastasis in women with endometrial cancer based on uterine characteristics on pathology.

Methods: From a study of staging for uterine cancer, women were identified as being at low risk for nodal metastasis based on three specific criteria on final pathology reports: 1) less than 50% invasion, 2) tumor size less than 2 cm, and 3) well or moderately differentiated endometrioid histology. If the uterine specimen did not meet all three criteria, it was viewed as high risk for nodal metastasis.

Posttreatment surveillance and diagnosis of recurrence in women with gynecologic malignancies: Society of Gynecologic Oncologists recommendations.

Although gynecologic cancers account for only 10% of all new cancer cases in women, these cancers account for 20% of all female cancer survivors. Improvements in cancer care have resulted in almost 10 million cancer survivors, and this number is expected to grow. Therefore, determining the most cost-effective clinical surveillance for detection of recurrence is critical.

Clinical characteristics of patients with prolonged disease-free survival after primary treatment in advanced ovarian cancer: a brief report.

Objective: Optimal cytoreduction and response to chemotherapy have been associated with prolonged disease-free survival (DFS), but there are limited data regarding the clinical characteristics of those patients with optimal 5-year DFS (5YrDFS) outcomes.

Methods: A case-control study was performed on 32 patients who were progression-free and alive at 5 years with advanced ovarian cancer 5YrDFS from 1993 to 2005 for this institutional review board-approved study. Matching controls were identified from the subset of patients who died or experienced disease progression before 5 years.

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in ovarian cancer: first report of the HYPER-O registry.

Introduction: An analysis of experience of surgical and gynecologic oncologists in the United States with the use of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Methods: An Internet-based registry (HYPER-O) collected data from collaborating institutions. Eligibility included women with EOC treated with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

Glomus tumor of the ovary masquerading as granulosa cell tumor: case report.

A solid right adnexal mass in a 73-year-old woman bled profusely with mobilization mimicking a granulosa cell tumor. There was almost complete replacement of the ovary by a circumscribed, 4.0 cm tumor with a hemorrhagic, solid cut surface.

Patient-derived tumor-reactive antibodies as diagnostic markers for ovarian cancer.

Objective: Most ovarian cancers are diagnosed at advanced stage (67%) and prospects for significant improvement in survival reside in early diagnosis. Our objective was to validate our array assay for the identification of ovarian cancer based on quantitation of tumor-reactive IgG.

Methods: The diagnostic array utilizes specific exosome-derived antigens to detect reactive IgG in patients' sera.

Gene expression profiling in response to estradiol and genistein in ovarian cancer cells.

Background: Despite optimal primary treatment of ovarian cancer, overall prognosis is poor due to recurrences. While steroid hormone receptors are frequently expressed, the role of estrogen receptor (ER) in ovarian carcinogenesis, response to treatment or prognosis has not been established. We analyzed the gene-expression in response to estradiol (E2) and genistein (Gen) in ovarian cancer cells.

Calciphylaxis with normal renal and parathyroid function: not as rare as previously believed.

Background: Calciphylaxis is a life-threatening form of metastatic calcification-induced microvascular occlusion syndrome. Although traditionally observed in patients with end-stage renal disease and/or hyperparathyroidism, the development of calciphylaxis in "nontraditional" patients having both normal renal and parathyroid function has been reported. However, to date there has been no collective analysis identifying common patient characteristics potentially predisposing to the development of calciphylaxis in nontraditional patients.

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in conjunction with surgery for the treatment of recurrent ovarian carcinoma.

Objectives: To review experience of secondary surgical cytoreduction (SSC) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPHC).

Methods: Eligible patients with ovarian cancer in whom pre-operative evaluation indicated that there was a good possibility that disease could be resected to < or = 5 mm underwent surgery followed by intraperitoneal perfusion of cisplatin (100 mg/m2) or mitomycin C (30-40 mg total dose) heated to 41-43 degrees C (105.8-109.

Elevated body mass index does not increase the risk of palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia in patients receiving pegylated liposomal doxorubicin.

Objectives: The dose-limiting toxicity of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) is palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE). Some physicians are reluctant to use this drug in overweight patients, postulating that larger size increases the likelihood of PPE. We sought to determine whether a correlation exists between body mass index (BMI) and the frequency or severity of skin reactions during PLD chemotherapy.

Decontamination of medical devices: legislation and compliance to practice.

The amount of legislation and guidelines published on decontamination reflects the current attitude of politicians and the general public to the desire to reduce the risk of infection. Incidents, such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle with the subsequent risk of transmission of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (VCJD), require greater compliance by healthcare workers to the guidance both in the hospital and the wider community. The change in care provision and the demands of government in training and education.

Retroperitoneal fibrosis secondary to actinomycosis with no intrauterine device.

Background: Actinomycotic pelvic infection usually occurs in the presence of an intrauterine device. It can result in pelvic inflammatory disease, tubo-ovarian abscess, and retroperitoneal fibrosis.

Case: A 35-year-old multipara who had never used an intrauterine device presented with a 5-month history of progressively worsening, colicky, right-sided abdominal pain, dysuria, weight loss, and constipation.