Generalized Slowing of Resting-State Neural Oscillations in People With Schizophrenia.

Background: Recent interest in how neural oscillations reflect the flow of information through the brain has led to partitioning electroencephalography (EEG) recordings into periodic (i.e., oscillatory) and aperiodic (i.

Closed-incision negative-pressure wound therapy reduces superficial surgical site infections after open colon surgery: an NSQIP Colectomy Study.

Background: The use of closed-incision negative-pressure wound therapy (iNPWT) has increased in the last decade across surgical fields, including colectomy.

Aim: To compare postoperative outcomes associated with use of iNPWT following open colectomy from a large national database.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent operations from 2015 to 2020 was performed using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) Targeted Colectomy Database.

Rectal Cancer and Radiation in Colitis.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. When IBD patients develop a rectal cancer, this should be treated with the same oncological principles and guidelines as the general population. Rectal cancer treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy (RT).

Item response theory-based psychometric analysis of the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS) among adolescents in the UK.

Background: Middle and late adolescence is the period in a person's life that is most vulnerable to mental health problems. To enable an evidence base that can support policies to prevent such problems, it is crucial to have good quality, reliable, and accurate measurement tools for mental well-being. One of them is the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS).

Neural indicators of initial control rather than early maintenance of attention predict impaired visual attention in schizophrenia.

Attentional filtering has long been suggested to be a core deficit of schizophrenia. Recent work has emphasized the important distinction between , which involves the voluntary selection of a particular stimulus for focused processing, and , which involves the mechanisms that actually enhance the stimulus selected via filtering processes. We recorded electroencephalography data from people with schizophrenia (PSZ), their first-degree relatives (REL) and healthy controls (CTRL) during performance of a resistance to attentional capture task that tapped attentional control and implementation of selection measured during a brief period of attentional maintenance.

Limited Consistency and Strength of Neural Oscillations During Sustained Visual Attention in Schizophrenia.

Background: Neural oscillations support perception, attention, and higher-order decision making. Aberrations in the strength or consistency of these oscillations in response to stimuli may underlie impaired visual perception and attention in schizophrenia. Here, we examined the phase and power of alpha oscillations (8-12 Hz) as well as aspects of beta and theta frequency oscillations during a demanding visual sustained attention task.

Pelvic Pouch Failure: Treatment Options.

Up to 30% of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) will require surgical management of their disease during their lifetime. An ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the gold standard of care, giving patients the ability to be free from UC's bowel disease and avoid a permanent ostomy. Despite surgical advancements, a minority of patients will still experience pouch failure which can be debilitating and often require further surgical interventions.

Operative, long-term and quality of life outcomes after salvage of failed re-do ileal pouch anal anastomosis.

Aim: Approximately 20%-40% of the patients with re-do ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) experience pouch failure. Salvage surgery can be attempted in this patient group with severe aversion to permanent ileostomy. The literature regarding secondary IPAA revision after re-do IPAA failure is scarce.

Comparing outcomes of robotic versus open mesorectal excision for rectal cancer.

Background: The outcomes of robot-assisted mesorectal excision for rectal cancer, compared with open resection, have not been fully characterized.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of pathologic, short-term, and long-term outcomes in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent total or tumour-specific mesorectal excision at a high-volume cancer centre between 2008 and 2017 was conducted. Outcomes after robotic and open surgery were compared on an intention-to-treat basis.

Management, Functional Outcomes, and Quality of Life After Development of Pelvic Sepsis in Patients Undergoing Re-Do Ileal Pouch Anal Anastomosis.

Background: The data on management and outcomes of pelvic sepsis after re-do IPAA are scarce.

Objective: The aim of this study is to report our management algorithm of pelvic sepsis in the setting of re-do IPAA and compare functional outcomes and quality of life after successful management of pelvic sepsis with a no sepsis control group.

Design: This is a retrospective cohort study.

Peer-Led, Remote Intervention to Improve Mental Health Outcomes Using a Holistic, Spirituality-Based Approach: Results from a Pilot Study.

In the United States, Black communities face a complex mental health burden, with growing attention on addressing these disparities through the lens of holistic wellbeing. Given the dearth of research on faith-based interventions focused on mental health through the lens of holistic wellbeing, this study evaluates the impact of a spirituality-based, peer-led one-group pre-test post-test pilot intervention in a sample of Black individuals in the Bronx, New York City. The eight-session creating healthy culture curriculum, focused on improving mental health and spiritual wellbeing, was collaboratively developed through community partnerships.

Re-do Laparoscopic Gastrojejunostomy for Gastrojejunal Anastomosis Stricture After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.

Stricture of the gastrojejunostomy is a possible complication after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. We present the case of a patient with stricture refractory to endoscopic dilation. The patient underwent laparoscopic revision of the gastrojejunostomy with a hand-sewn anastomosis.

Individual alpha peak frequency is slower in schizophrenia and related to deficits in visual perception and cognition.

The brain at rest generates cycles of electrical activity that have been shown to be abnormal in people with schizophrenia. The alpha rhythm (~ 10 Hz) is the dominant resting state electrical cycle and each person has a propensity toward a particular frequency of oscillation for this rhythm. This individual alpha peak frequency (IAPF) is hypothesized to be central to visual perceptual processes and may have downstream influences on cognitive functions such as attention, working memory, or problem solving.

Chemoradiation and Local Excision Versus Total Mesorectal Excision for T2N0 Rectal Cancer: Comparison of Short- and Long-Term Outcomes From 2 Prospective Studies.

Objective: Compare oncological long-term and short-term outcomes between patients with distal cT2NO rectal cancer treated with chemoradio-therapy and local excision (CRT + LE) and patients treated with total mesorectal excision (TME).

Summary Background Data: Previous studies showed that CRT + LE is equivalent to TME in local tumor control and survival for T2N0 rectal cancer.

Methods: Seventy-nine patients with cT2N0 rectal adenocarcinoma treated with CRT + LE in the ACOSOG Z6041 trial were compared to a cohort of 79 patients with pT2N0 tumors treated with upfront TME in the Dutch TME trial.

Heme attenuates beta-endorphin levels in leukocytes of HIV positive individuals with chronic widespread pain.

The prevalence of chronic widespread pain (CWP) in people with HIV is high, yet the underlying mechanisms are elusive. Leukocytes synthesize the endogenous opioid, β-endorphin, within their endoplasmic reticulum (ER). When released into plasma, β-endorphin dampens nociception by binding to opioid receptors on sensory neurons.

Hemobilia as a Complication of Transhepatic Percutaneous Biliary Drainage: a Rare Indication for Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration.

Background: Hemobilia is the presence of blood in the biliary tree and is a frequent complication after percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). Most of these episodes are self-limited; nevertheless, in less than 5% of cases, hemobilia is clinically significant, requiring an intervention (hepatic artery embolization, stenting, or percutaneous thrombin injection). Adequate treatment requires control of hemorrhage and restoration of bile flow.

Aortic valve endocarditis with root abscess causing superior vena cava obstruction: a case report.

Background: To our knowledge, we report the first case of endocarditis with root abscess causing compressive superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction.

Case Summary: An 84-year-old gentleman with previous tissue aortic valve replacement presented with fevers and systemic upset. Blood cultures grew and transoesophageal echocardiogram identified prosthetic valve vegetations with an associated root abscess.

Applying Prospect Theory to Participation in a CAPI/Web Panel Survey.

Prospect theory states that the influential power of avoiding negative outcomes is stronger than that of achieving positive outcomes. In a survey context, this theory has been tested with respect to not only participation in a CATI survey, but also giving consent to data linkage in CATI surveys. No study, however, has tested the theory with respect to participation in a CAPI or web survey.

Paralytic ileus precipitating platypnoea-orthodeoxia after right pneumonectomy.

A 78-year-old female underwent a right pneumonectomy for a neuroendocrine tumour. In the early postoperative phase, she developed a paralytic ileus and went on to develop breathlessness and orthostatic desaturation, which characterizes platypnoea-orthodeoxia. She was found to have an intra-atrial shunt on bubble echo, with equal atrial pressures.

Can targeted cover letters improve participation in health surveys? Results from a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Improving response rates in epidemiologic studies is important for the generalizability of the outcome. The aim of this study was to examine whether it can be advantageous for participation to target different versions of the cover letters to different sample subgroups.

Methods: A randomized trial was incorporated in a cross-sectional health survey in Denmark (n = 25,000) where a motivational sentence in the cover letter intended to heighten perceptions of relevance of the survey was varied among 11 sample subgroups (treatment groups).

Assessment of the Value of Comorbidity Indices for Risk Adjustment in Colorectal Surgery Patients.

Background And Purpose: Comorbidity indices (CIs) are widely used in retrospective studies. We investigated the value of commonly used CIs in risk adjustment for postoperative complications after colorectal surgery.

Methods: Patients undergoing colectomy without stoma for colonic neoplasia at a single institution from 2009 to 2014 were included.