Publications by authors named "Lynn Olson"
Importance: Injuries from firearms and motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are the leading causes of death among US children and youths aged 0 to 19 years. Examining the intersections of age group, sex, race, and ethnicity is essential to focus prevention efforts.
Objective: To examine firearm and motor vehicle fatality rates by population subgroups and analyze changes over time.
Objective: Previous Pediatrician Life and Career Experience Study (PLACES) 2016 data revealed that female pediatricians reported earning ∼94% of what male pediatricians reported, after adjusting for factors that might impact income. Has this disparity persisted?
Methods: Data from PLACES, a national longitudinal study, was used to examine pediatrician-reported income from 2017 to 2022. A regression analysis estimated the adjusted differences in female and male pediatricians' annual income for each survey year.
Inclusion of Children in Clinical Research: The Role of Advocacy and a Personal Journey.
Pediatr Clin North Am
February 2023
Many groups have historically been excluded from clinical research. It has required vigorous, long-term advocacy efforts for better inclusion of women and children across racial and ethnic groups. To understand who is included in clinical research, data are required.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Few studies have examined children's enrollment in high-deductible health plans (HDHPs) and associations with health service use. We examine trends, health service use, and financial barriers to care for US children with high-deductible private insurance.
Methods: Trend data on HDHP enrollment were available for 58,910 children ages 0 to 17 with private insurance from the 2007 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey.
Background: The US physician workforce includes an increasing number of women, with pediatrics having the highest percentage. In recent research on physicians, it is indicated that men earn more than women. It is unclear how this finding extends to pediatricians.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To measure the frequency US pediatricians report screening and referring for social needs and identify pediatrician and practice-level predictors for screening and referral.
Methods: Data were from the American Academy of Pediatrics Periodic Survey for October 2014 to March 2015 with a response rate of 46.6% (732/1570).
Objective: To examine pediatricians' attitudes toward public policies for low-income children and the advocacy efforts for the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).
Methods: Data from the AAP Periodic Survey in October 2014 to March 2015 were used. Respondents ranked 1) attitudes toward government programs, and 2) attitudes toward AAP policies on: income support, housing, education, job training, food, and health care.
Background And Objective: Recent years have witnessed substantial gains in health insurance coverage for children, but few studies have examined trends across a diverse set of access indicators. We examine US children's access to health services and whether trends vary by race/ethnicity and income.
Methods: Analysis of 178 038 children ages 0 to 17 from the 2000 to 2014 National Health Interview Survey.
Objective: To examine trends in pediatricians working part-time and residents seeking part-time work and to examine associated characteristics.
Study Design: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Periodic Survey of Fellows and the AAP Annual Survey of Graduating Residents were used to examine part-time employment. Fourteen periodic surveys were combined with an overall response rate of 57%.
Objectives: To examine national trends in the percentage of children whose usual source of care is at a clinic, health center, or hospital outpatient department (hereafter "clinics") and whether trends differ by sociodemographic subpopulations.
Study Design: Analysis of serial, cross-sectional, nationally representative in-person household surveys, the 1997-2013 National Health Interview Surveys, was conducted to identify children with a usual source of care (n = 190,571), and the percentage receiving that care in a clinic. We used joinpoint regression to identify changes in linear trends, and logistic regression with predictive margins to obtain per-year changes in percentages, both unadjusted and adjusted for sociodemographic factors.
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) launched the Pediatrician Life and Career Experience Study (PLACES), a longitudinal study that tracks the personal and professional experiences of early career pediatricians, in 2012. We used a multipronged approach to develop the study methodology and survey domains and items, including review of existing literature and qualitative research with the target population. We chose to include 2 cohorts of US pediatricians on the basis of residency graduation dates, including 1 group who were several years out of residency (2002-2004 Residency Graduates Cohort) and a second group who recently graduated from residency at study launch (2009-2011 Residency Graduates Cohort).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To examine how gradients in socioeconomic status (SES) impact US children's reading and math ability at kindergarten entry and determine the contributions of family background, health, home learning, parenting, and early education factors to those gradients.
Methods: Analysis of 6600 children with cognitive assessments at kindergarten entry from the US Early Childhood Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study. A composite SES measure based on parent's occupation, education, and income was divided into quintiles.
Background: Over the past half century the prevalence of childhood disability increased dramatically, coupled with notable increases in the prevalence of mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions. This study provides a detailed assessment of recent trends in childhood disability in relation to health conditions and sociodemographic factors.
Methods: Secondary data analysis of National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) datasets 2001-2002, 2004-2005, 2007-2008, and 2010-2011 (N = 198888) was conducted to calculate the prevalence, rate of change, severity, and sociodemographic disparities of parent-reported childhood disability.
Background: Little is known about the current state of residency education with respect to counseling parents about media usage and whether trainees consider it to be adequate.
Methods: A national survey of graduating pediatric residents was conducted in the United States to determine the amount of training they receive on traditional and new media, their perceptions of its quality, and their self-reported practices regarding talking to families about media usage.
Results: A 58% response rate was achieved with no evidence of response bias based on age or gender.
Objective: To examine current levels of educational debt among pediatric residents and the relationship between educational debt and career intentions.
Methods: Annual national random samples of 1000 graduating pediatric residents from 2006 through 2010 were surveyed. Responses were combined.
Background: "Asthma-related quality of life" (QOL) refers to the perceived impact that asthma has on the patient's QOL.
Objective: National Institutes of Health institutes and other federal agencies convened an expert group to recommend standardized measures of the impact of asthma on QOL for use in future asthma clinical research.
Methods: We reviewed published documentation regarding the development and psychometric evaluation; clinical research use since 2000; and extent to which the content of each existing QOL instrument provides a unique, reliable, and valid assessment of the intended construct.
Background: Patient adherence, the level of asthma self-management skills, exposure to stress, and depression can have considerable influence on a wide range of asthma outcomes and thus are considered asthma outcome mediators.
Objective: National Institutes of Health institutes and other federal agencies convened an expert group to recommend standardized measures for 7 domains of asthma clinical research outcomes measures. Although the review of mediators of these outcomes was not within the scope of any specific outcome topic, a brief summary is presented so that researchers might consider potential mediators.
Background: Studies of pediatric primary care suggest that time is an important limitation to the delivery of recommended preventive services. Given the increasingly frenetic pace of pediatric practice, there is an increased need to monitor the length of pediatric visits and the association of visit length with content, family-centered care, and parent satisfaction with care.
Objective: To examine the length of well-child visits and the associations of visit length with content, family-centered care, and parent satisfaction among a national sample of children.
Background: Early identification of developmental delays is essential for optimal early intervention. An American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) 2002 Periodic Survey of Fellows found <25% of respondents consistently used appropriate screening tools. Over the past 5 years, new research and education programs promoted screening implementation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Provision of asthma education is associated with decreased hospitalizations and emergency department visits for patients with asthma. Our objective was to describe national trends in the provision of asthma education by primary care physicians in office settings.
Methods: We used the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a nationally representative dataset of patient visits to office-based physicians.
This study explored spirituality as an aspect of support for nurses grieving the loss of patients. Previous research has sought to understand the grief support needs of nurses; spirituality is one support nurses describe. Fifty-eight nurses responded to questions related to spirituality from a Needs Assessment Questionnaire (NAQ) designed to study grief support for nurses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The objective of this study was to track trends in part-time employment among pediatricians from 2000 to 2006 and to examine differences within subgroups of pediatricians.
Methods: As part of the Periodic Survey of Fellows, national random samples of American Academy of Pediatrics members were surveyed in 2000, 2003, and 2006. These surveys shared questions concerning working part-time and other practice characteristics.