Pediatric and adult three-dimensional cervical spine kinematics: effect of age and sex through overall motion.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Objective: To determine the effect of age and sex on the three-dimensional kinematics of the cervical spine.

Summary Of Background Data: Spine kinematics information has important implications for biomechanical model development, anthropomorphic test device development, injury prevention, surgical treatment, and safety equipment design.