Associations of prenatal maternal psychosocial stress and depression with neurodevelopmental outcomes in 7.5-month-old infants in the ECHO.CA.IL prospective birth cohorts.

Background: Exposure to maternal stress and depression during pregnancy can have a marked impact on birth outcomes and child development, escalating the likelihood of preterm birth, lower birth weight, and various domains of physical and neurodevelopment.

Methods: The joint ECHO.CA.

Cooling and Contraction of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere From 2002 to 2021.

We examine the thermal structure of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) using observations from 2002 through 2021 from the SABER instrument on the NASA TIMED satellite. These observations show that the MLT has significantly cooled and contracted between the years 2002 and 2019 (the year of the most recent solar minimum) due to a combination of a decline in the intensity of the 11-year solar cycle and increasing carbon dioxide (CO.) During this time the thickness of atmosphere between the 1  and 10 hPa pressure surfaces (approximately 48 and 105 km) has contracted by 1,333 m, of which 342 m is attributed to increasing CO.

Evaluation of Polar Winter Mesopause Wind in WACCMX+DART.

This work evaluates zonal winds in both hemispheres near the polar winter mesopause in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) with thermosphere-ionosphere eXtension combined with data assimilation using the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) (WACCMX+DART). We compare 14 years (2006-2019) of WACCMX+DART zonal mean zonal winds near 90 km to zonal mean zonal winds derived from Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) geopotential height measurements during Arctic mid-winter. 10 years (2008-2017) of WACCMX+DART zonal mean zonal winds are compared to SABER in the Antarctic mid-winter.

Lower Thermospheric Material Transport via Lagrangian Coherent Structures.

We show that inter-model variation due to under-constraint by observations impacts the ability to predict material transport in the lower thermosphere. Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs), indicating regions of maximal separation (or convergence) in a time-varying flow, are derived in the lower thermosphere from models for several space shuttle water vapor plume events. We find that inter-model differences in thermospheric transport manifest in LCSs in a way that is more stringent than mean wind analyses.

A New MEPED-Based Precipitating Electron Data Set.

The work presented here introduces a new data set for inclusion of energetic electron precipitation (EEP) in climate model simulations. Measurements made by the medium energy proton and electron detector (MEPED) instruments onboard both the Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites and the European Space Agency Meteorological Operational satellites are used to create global maps of precipitating electron fluxes. Unlike most previous data sets, the electron fluxes are computed using both the 0° and 90° MEPED detectors.

Impact of September 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming on Mid-Latitude Ionosphere and Thermosphere Over North America and Europe.

Limited observational evidence indicates that ionospheric changes caused by Arctic sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) occur at middle latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. However, it is not known if a similar interhemispheric linkage is produced by Antarctic SSWs. Here we examine thermospheric and ionospheric anomalies observed in September 2019 at middle latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere.

Transport of Nitric Oxide Via Lagrangian Coherent Structures Into the Top of the Polar Vortex.

The energetic particle precipitation (EPP) indirect effect (IE) refers to the downward transport of reactive odd nitrogen (NO = NO + NO) produced by EPP (EPP-NO) from the polar winter mesosphere and lower thermosphere to the stratosphere where it can destroy ozone. Previous studies of the EPP IE examined NO descent averaged over the polar region, but the work presented here considers longitudinal variations. We report that the January 2009 split Arctic vortex in the stratosphere left an imprint on the distribution of NO near the mesopause, and that the magnitude of EPP-NO descent in the upper mesosphere depends strongly on the planetary wave (PW) phase.

Observations of Reduced Turbulence and Wave Activity in the Arctic Middle Atmosphere Following the January 2015 Sudden Stratospheric Warming.

Measurements of turbulence and waves were made as part of the Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere Turbulence Experiment (MTeX) on the night of 25-26 January 2015 at Poker Flat Research Range, Chatanika, Alaska (65°N, 147°W). Rocket-borne ionization gauge measurements revealed turbulence in the 70- to 88-km altitude region with energy dissipation rates between 0.1 and 24 mW/kg with an average value of 2.

Lidar Observations of Stratospheric Gravity Waves From 2011 to 2015 at McMurdo (77.84°S, 166.69°E), Antarctica: 2. Potential Energy Densities, Lognormal Distributions, and Seasonal Variations.

Five years of Fe Boltzmann lidar's Rayleigh temperature data from 2011 to 2015 at McMurdo are used to characterize gravity wave potential energy mass density ( ), potential energy volume density ( ), vertical wave number spectra, and static stability in the stratosphere 30-50 km. ( ) profiles increase (decrease) with altitude, and the scale heights of indicate stronger wave dissipation in winter than in summer. Altitude mean and obey lognormal distributions and possess narrowly clustered small values in summer but widely spread large values in winter.

On the consistency of HNO and NO in the Aleutian High region from the Nimbus 7 LIMS Version 6 data set.

This study uses photochemical calculations along kinematic trajectories in conjunction with Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) observations to examine the changes in HNO and NO near 30 hPa in the region of the Aleutian High (AH) during the minor warming event of January 1979. An earlier analysis of Version 5 (V5) LIMS data indicated increases in HNO without a corresponding decrease in NO in that region and a quasi-wave 2 signature in the zonal distribution of HNO, unlike the wave 1 signal in ozone and other tracers. Version 6 (V6) LIMS also shows an increase of HNO in that region, but NO is smaller than from V5.

Fear of cancer among women undergoing hysterectomy for benign conditions.

Objective: Hysterectomy is a common surgical procedure among women, and the majority of hysterectomies are performed for benign conditions. This study examined fear of developing gynecologic cancer among women undergoing hysterectomy for benign conditions.

Methods: Participants were 1142 women undergoing hysterectomy for benign conditions who were enrolled in the Maryland Women's Health Study.

Perioperative complications of surgery for genital prolapse: does concomitant anti-incontinence surgery increase complications?

Objectives: To establish whether the short-term risks of prolapse surgery are increased by a concomitant anti-incontinence procedure.

Methods: Using data from the past 4 years of the National Hospital Discharge Survey, we identified women admitted for surgery for pelvic organ prolapse (specifically, suspension of the vagina or obliteration of the cul-de-sac, with or without concomitant hysterectomy or vaginal repairs). We identified women diagnosed with complications (including infections, bleeding complications, surgical injuries, pulmonary complications, and cardiovascular complications).

Parity and route of delivery: does cesarean delivery reduce bladder symptoms later in life?

Objective: This study was undertaken to investigate the impact of reproductive factors on the prevalence of urinary symptoms.

Study Design: Participants were women scheduled for hysterectomy (n=1299). Before surgery, urinary symptoms were assessed by questionnaire.

Urinary incontinence and hysterectomy in a large prospective cohort study in American women.

Purpose: We investigated the effects of hysterectomy with and without concomitant urinary incontinence repair on incontinence severity in one of the largest prospective studies of hysterectomy outcomes performed in the United States.

Materials And Methods: We administered the Urinary Symptoms Scale for Women to 1,299 women before hysterectomy done for benign conditions, and 6, 12, 18 and 24 months postoperatively to measure the presence, severity and type of urinary incontinence.

Results: Before hysterectomy 29.