Electrolytes in the aging.

The elderly population in the United States continues to grow and is expected to double by 2050. With aging, there are degenerative changes in many organs and the kidney is no exception. After 40 years of age, there is an increase in cortical glomerulosclerosis and a decline in both glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow.

Geriatric nephrology: old or new subspecialty.

In the 1980s geriatric nephrology was introduced as a subspecialty in anticipation of the increased number of elderly and very elderly people during the 21st century. There has been more clinical research dedicated to geriatric nephrology, education on the subspecialty has been implemented at national and university level, and funds for career development have been instituted over the past two decades. Our treatment of the elderly and very elderly patients seems to be more focused on their biologic age rather than chronologic age; they undergo diagnostic tests such as kidney biopsies and are candidates for kidney transplant.

Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) therapy and vitamin D insufficiency in patients with chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled pilot study.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) in raising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH)]D) levels and reducing parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: In this double-blind, randomized controlled pilot study, participants with CKD stage 3 and 4 (estimated glomerular filtration rate, 15-59 mL/min/1.73 m2), vitamin D insufficiency (serum 25[OH]D <30 ng/mL), and serum intact PTH levels >70 pg/mL were randomly assigned to receive either 50 000 IU of cholecalciferol or placebo once weekly for 12 weeks.