RET Signaling Persists in the Adult Intestine and Stimulates Motility by Limiting PYY Release From Enteroendocrine Cells.

Background & Aims: RET tyrosine kinase is necessary for enteric nervous system development. Loss-of-function RET mutations cause Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), in which infants are born with aganglionic bowel. Despite surgical correction, patients with HSCR often experience chronic defecatory dysfunction and enterocolitis, suggesting that RET is important after development.

An Analysis of Injured Patients Treated at Level 1 Trauma Centers Versus Other Centers: A Scoping Review.

Introduction: Trauma systems continue to evolve to create the best outcomes possible for patients who have undergone traumatic injury.

Objective: This review aims to evaluate the existing research on outcomes based on field triage to a Level 1 trauma center (L1TC) compared to other levels of hospitals and nontrauma centers.

Methods: A structured literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and the Cochrane Database.

Diminished androgen levels are linked to irritable bowel syndrome and cause bowel dysfunction in mice.

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) have prominent sex differences in incidence, symptoms, and treatment response that are not well understood. Androgens are steroid hormones present at much higher levels in males than females and could be involved in these differences. In adults with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a FGID that affects 5% to 10% of the population worldwide, we found that free testosterone levels were lower than those in healthy controls and inversely correlated with symptom severity.

Association of Surgeon Representation on NIH Study Sections With Receipt of Funding by Surgeon-scientists.

Objective: Our goal was to evaluate the relationship between surgeon representation on NIH study sections and success in grant funding.

Summary Of Background Data: NIH funding for surgeon-scientists is declining. Prior work has called for increased surgeon participation in the grant review process as a strategy to increase receipt of funding by surgeon-scientists.