Efficacy of low-dose ketoconazole in hormone refractory prostate cancer patients at the National Cancer Centre and The Cancer Institute, Singapore.

Introduction: The advent of prostate specific antigen (PSA) has resulted in an increased incidence of early detection of prostate cancer recurrence. Patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) become hormone-resistant after 18 to 24 months. In patients with biochemical failure, where there is a rise in PSA but no objective evidence of metastases, or in whom there are small volume metastases but who are asymptomatic, there is no standard of care after ADT.