Point Cloud Completion: A Survey.

Point cloud completion is the task of producing a complete 3D shape given an input of a partial point cloud. It has become a vital process in 3D computer graphics, vision and applications such as autonomous driving, robotics, and augmented reality. These applications often rely on the presence of a complete 3D representation of the environment.

Evaluating skeletal dysplasias on prenatal ultrasound: an emphasis on predicting lethality.

Lethal skeletal dysplasias can be diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound (US) using several sonographic parameters. Degree of femoral shortening, lung volumes, femur length to abdominal circumference ratio, and chest circumference to abdominal circumference ratio are the most sensitive and specific predictors. Although there are more than 450 different skeletal dysplasias, only a few are lethal in the perinatal period.

Neonatal Outcomes in Fetuses With a Persistent Intrahepatic Right Umbilical Vein.

Objectives: A fetal persistent intrahepatic right umbilical vein has been linked to anomalies and genetic disorders but can be a normal variant. We conducted a retrospective review to determine other sonographic findings that can stratify fetuses for further evaluation.

Methods: A total of 313 fetuses had a persistent intrahepatic right umbilical vein identified on 17- to 24-week sonography.

Accuracy of prenatal diagnosis of isolated aqueductal stenosis.

Objective: The objective of this article is to determine the success rate of prenatally diagnosed isolated aqueductal stenosis (AS) as a first step in an evidence-based reassessment of ventriculoamniotic shunting for isolated AS.

Methods: Cases of ventriculomegaly at Magee-Womens Hospital between 2006 and 2013 were ascertained. AS was suspected when prenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated signs of pressure hydrocephalus.

Sonographic biometry in the early third trimester: A comparison of parameters to predict macrosomia at birth.

Purpose: To compare the estimated fetal weight (EFW), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL), measured on sonographic (US) examinations at 28-34 weeks of gestation to determine the best predictor of macrosomia at birth.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 3,857 consecutive, term, singleton pregnancies. The AC, FL, and EFW were compared with birth weights (BW) of >4,000 g and >4,500 g.

Timing of ultrasound in pregnancy--how often? At what intervals?

The second trimester fetal anatomic survey has continued to evolve over the past 27 years. This review will summarize the changes in the anatomic survey that have occurred and provide recommendations that serve to improve compliance with the components of the survey. In order to provide clarity and direction, the goals and limitations of the second trimester fetal anatomic survey should be defined.

Longitudinal assessment of amniotic fluid volume in monoamniotic twin gestations.

Objective: The aim of this study is to describe normal amniotic fluid volume through gestation in a cohort of normal monoamniotic (MA) twins.

Method: Our ultrasound database was queried for MA twin gestations from 2004 to 2011. Monochorionic twin pregnancies mimicking MA gestations, such as twin-twin transfusion syndrome, were excluded.

Endometrial thickness and risk of breast and endometrial carcinomas in the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancer screening trial.

Postmenopausal women with higher circulating estrogen levels are at increased risk of developing breast and endometrial carcinomas. In the endometrium, excess estrogen relative to progesterone produces a net proliferative stimulus, which may result in endometrial thickening. Therefore, the hypothesis that endometrial thickness is a biological marker of excess estrogen stimulation that is associated with risk of breast and endometrial carcinomas was tested.

Prenatal midtrimester fetal long bone measurements and the prediction of small-for-gestational-age fetuses at term.

Objective: To determine if the length of fetal long bones (LB) at mid-trimester ultrasound is predictive of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) newborns at term delivery.

Methods: Retrospective evaluation of 6,781 women between 18 and 24 weeks' gestation at Magee-Womens Hospital (MWH). Gestational age (GA) was confirmed by first- or second-trimester ultrasound and patient's last menstrual period.

Risk of morbid perinatal outcomes in small-for-gestational-age pregnancies: customized compared with conventional standards of fetal growth.

Objective: To estimate and compare the risk of morbid perinatal outcomes in pregnancies identified as small for gestational age (SGA) with customized compared with conventional standards of fetal growth.

Methods: Ultrasound-derived estimates of fetal weight were used to generate a fetal growth trajectory (N=7,510). The gestational age at delivery and pathologic and physiologic variables from 5,072 pregnancies were used to calculate a customized threshold for SGA.

Diagnostic test characteristics of placental weight in the prediction of small-for-gestational-age neonates.

Objective: To assess the diagnostic test characteristics of placental weight as a clinical predictor of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates.

Study Design: Placentas were weighed at 45,846 deliveries. Predictive values and likelihood ratios (LRs) were calculated assessing placental weight (lowest tertile vs.

Twin pregnancy with a chimeric androgenetic and biparental placenta in one twin displaying placental mesenchymal dysplasia phenotype.

Objectives: The aim was to report an unusual trizygotic pregnancy that resulted in live-born twins. The placenta of one twin had placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD), which resulted from a chimeric fusion of an androgenetic zygote and a normal biparental zygote. The literature review was summarized.

Transvaginal ultrasound measurement of endometrial thickness as a biomarker for estrogen exposure.

Objective: In clinical settings, transvaginal ultrasound has been used to evaluate abnormal vaginal bleeding. Because the endometrium responds to estrogens, endometrial thickness may constitute a biomarker of estrogen status in postmenopausal women. This study aimed to validate the transvaginal ultrasonographic measurement of endometrial thickness as an estrogen biomarker in asymptomatic, postmenopausal women by demonstrating an association between endometrial thickness and risk factors known to be associated with estrogen exposure.

First-trimester screening for trisomies 21 and 18.

Background: Screening for aneuploid pregnancies is routinely performed after 15 weeks of gestation and has a sensitivity of approximately 65 percent, with a false positive rate of 5 percent. First-trimester markers of aneuploidy have been developed, but their use in combination has not been adequately evaluated in clinical practice.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter study of screening for trisomies 21 and 18 among patients with pregnancies between 74 and 97 days of gestation, based on maternal age, maternal levels of free beta human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, and ultrasonographic measurement of fetal nuchal translucency.

Sonographic detection of gallbladder duplication: two cases discovered in utero.

Objective: To report the in utero diagnosis of a duplicated gallbladder.

Methods: Obstetric sonography was performed at 2 separate referral centers. A comprehensive level 11 examination was performed at each center.