Functionality of lyophilized osteoinductive EVs: a mechanistic study.

Introduction: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC EVs) hold significant promise for regenerative medicine. Lyophilization of EVs significantly enhances their translational potential. While, lyophilized EVs have been studied from a morphological perspective, the functional stability of these EVs and their cargo following lyophilization need to be mechanistically investigated.

Interdisciplinary Delphi study by PROSEC North America: Recommendations on single indirect restorations made from ceramic and nonmetallic biomaterials for posterior teeth.

Objective: This article puts forward consensus recommendations from PROSEC North America regarding single indirect restorations made from ceramic and nonmetallic biomaterials in posterior teeth.

Overview: The consensus process involved a multidisciplinary panel and three consensus workshops. A systematic literature review was conducted across five databases to gather evidence.

Comparing Single-Tooth Implant Placement With and Without Allogeneic Soft Tissue Augmentation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: To explore the effect of adding an allogeneic soft tissue graft at the time of single implant placement using a fully digital workflow for implant placement and restoration without making either analog or digital impressions.

Materials And Methods: A prospective randomized clinical study was performed enrolling 39 participants requiring single-tooth implants. The patients were randomized into one of two groups: (1) the graft group, which received an allogeneic dermal graft at the time of implant placement (n = 19), or (2) the nongraft group (n = 20).

Comparative Osteogenesis of Three Clinical Bone Graft Materials: An In Vivo Study.

Purpose: To investigate bone regeneration among three different bone graft materials in a rat calvarum model.

Materials And Methods: A total of 24 rats had two 5-mm defects placed per calvarial. Rats were divided into four groups: bovine xenograft (XG), demineralized bone matrix (DBM), mineralized bone graft (MBG), and collagen membrane control (CC).

Evaluation of nanoscale versus hybrid micro/nano surface topographies for endosseous implants.

We examined the effect of a nanoscale titanium surface topography (D) versus two hybrid micro/nanoscale topographies (B and OS) on adherent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and bone marrow derived macrophages (BMMs) function in cell culture and in vivo. In the in vitro study, compared to OS and B surfaces, D surface induced earlier and greater cell spreading, and earlier and profound mRNA expression of RUNX2, Osterix and BMP2 in MSCs. D surface induced earlier and higher expression of RUNX2 and BMP2 and lower expression of inflammatory genes in implant adherent cells in vivo.

Can patients detect peri‑implant mucosal inflammation? Results from a multicentre randomized trial.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of peri‑implant soft tissue inflammation and aesthetics around single-tooth implants in the anterior maxillary region with three different implant-abutment interface designs.

Methods: Participants were randomized to one of three different types of implant-abutment interface designs [Conical (CI), flat-to-flat (FI), and Platform Switched (PS)]. Implants and provisional crowns with prefabricated titanium abutments were placed 5 months following extraction and/or ridge augmentation.

Macrogeometric Differentiation of Dental Implant Primary Stability: An In Vitro Study.

Purpose: To evaluate an alternative cutting, progressive thread design to increase primary stability in low-density bone.

Materials And Methods: Four different implants with different macrogeometries (Nobel Biocare Active [NA] Internal RP implants [4.3 × 11.

Topography-mediated immunomodulation in osseointegration; Ally or Enemy.

Osteoimmunology is at full display during endosseous implant osseointegration. Bone formation, maintenance and resorption at the implant surface is a result of bidirectional and dynamic reciprocal communication between the bone and immune cells that extends beyond the well-defined osteoblast-osteoclast signaling. Implant surface topography informs adherent progenitor and immune cell function and their cross-talk to modulate the process of bone accrual.

Biomaterials and Extracellular Vesicle Delivery: Current Status, Applications and Challenges.

In this review, we will discuss the current status of extracellular vesicle (EV) delivery via biopolymeric scaffolds for therapeutic applications and the challenges associated with the development of these functionalized scaffolds. EVs are cell-derived membranous structures and are involved in many physiological processes. Naïve and engineered EVs have much therapeutic potential, but proper delivery systems are required to prevent non-specific and off-target effects.

Extracellular Vesicles From TNFα Preconditioned MSCs: Effects on Immunomodulation and Bone Regeneration.

Mesenchymal stem cells show remarkable versatility and respond to extracellular and micro environmental cues by altering their phenotype and behavior. In this regard, the MSC's immunomodulatory properties in tissue repair are well documented. The paracrine effects of MSCs in immunomodulation are, in part, attributable to their secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs).

The role of complement C5a receptor in DPSC odontoblastic differentiation and in vivo reparative dentin formation.

Therapeutic dentin regeneration remains difficult to achieve, and a majority of the attention has been given to anabolic strategies to promote dentinogenesis directly, whereas, the available literature is insufficient to understand the role of inflammation and inflammatory complement system on dentinogenesis. The aim of this study is to determine the role of complement C5a receptor (C5aR) in regulating dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) differentiation and in vivo dentin regeneration. Human DPSCs were subjected to odontogenic differentiation in osteogenic media treated with the C5aR agonist and C5aR antagonist.

Nanoscale hybrid implant surfaces and Osterix-mediated osseointegration.

Endosseous implant surface topography directly affects adherent cell responses following implantation. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of nanoscale topographic modification of titanium implants on Osterix gene expression since this gene has been reported as key factor for bone formation. Titanium implants with smooth and nanoscale topographies were implanted in the femurs of Osterix-Cherry mice for 1-21 days.

Ti-Ions and/or Particles in Saliva Potentially Aggravate Dental Implant Corrosion.

The corrosive titanium products in peri-implant tissues are a potential risk factor for peri-implantitis. There is very limited information available on the effect of the corrosion and wear products on the dental implant corrosion. Therefore, we determined the influence of Ti-ions and Ti-particles on Ti corrosion.

Testing for COVID-19 in dental offices: Mechanism of action, application, and interpretation of laboratory and point-of-care screening tests.

Background: The dental office potentially possesses all transmission risk factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Anticipating the future widespread use of COVID-19 testing in dental offices, the authors wrote this article as a proactive effort to provide dental health care providers with current and necessary information surrounding the topic.

Methods: The authors consulted all relevant and current guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the US Food and Drug Administration, as well as online resources and review articles.

C5a complement receptor modulates odontogenic dental pulp stem cell differentiation under hypoxia.

Aim: Alterations in the microenvironment change the phenotypes of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). The role of complement component C5a in the differentiation of DPSCs is unknown, especially under oxygen-deprived conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of C5a on the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs under normoxia and hypoxia.

Computer simulation of the SARS-CoV-2 contamination risk in a large dental clinic.

COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) virus, has been rapidly spreading worldwide since December 2019, causing a public health crisis. Recent studies showed SARS-CoV-2's ability to infect humans via airborne routes. These motivated the study of aerosol and airborne droplet transmission in a variety of settings.

Characteristics and Detection Rate of SARS-CoV-2 in Alternative Sites and Specimens Pertaining to Dental Practice: An Evidence Summary.

Knowledge about the detection potential and detection rates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in various body fluids and sites is important for dentists since they, directly or indirectly, deal with many of these fluids/sites in their daily practices. In this study, we attempt to review the latest evidence and meta-analysis studies regarding the detection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in different body specimens and sites as well as the characteristics of these sample. The presence/detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral biomolecules (nucleic acid, antigens, antibody) in different clinical specimens depends greatly on the specimen type and timing of collection.

3D Encapsulation and tethering of functionally engineered extracellular vesicles to hydrogels.

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in their naïve and engineered forms have emerged as potential alternatives to stem cell therapy. While they have a defined therapeutic potential, the spatial and temporal control of their activity in vivo remains a challenge. The objective of this study was to devise a methodology to encapsulate EVs in 3D hydrogels for prolonged delivery.

The importance of cellular and exosomal miRNAs in mesenchymal stem cell osteoblastic differentiation.

The differentiation of osteoblasts is under complex regulation that includes autocrine and paracrine signaling from MSCs. Exosomes are important components of the MSC secretome and their cargo contains numerous miRNAs. In this study, the importance of MSC miRNAs in modulation of osteoblastic differentiation was examined by global reduction of miRNA biosynthesis in Dicer knock down hMSCs.

A 5-Year Esthetic RCT Assessment of Anterior Maxillary Single-Tooth Implants with Different Abutment Interfaces.

Purpose: This study sought to define the tissue responses at different implant-abutment interfaces by studying bone and peri-implant mucosal changes using a 5-year prospective randomized clinical trial design study. The conus interface was compared with the flat-to-flat interface and platform-switched implant-abutment systems.

Materials And Methods: One hundred forty-one subjects were recruited and randomized to the three treatment groups according to defined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Macrophage Control of Incipient Bone Formation in Diabetic Mice.

Both soft and hard tissue wound healing are impaired in diabetes. Diabetes negatively impacts fracture healing, bone regeneration and osseointegration of endosseous implants. The complex physiological changes associated with diabetes often manifest in immunological responses to wounding and repair where macrophages play a prominent role in determining outcomes.

A digital approach to robust and esthetic implant overdenture construction.

Objective: Overdenture therapy is an important option for implant rehabilitation. However, numerous reports suggest that mechanical/technical complications and failures can limit therapeutic success. The goal of this report is to illustrate a digital approach to design and construction of a robust overdenture with high-esthetic value.

Engineering a Self-Assembling Leucine Zipper Hydrogel System with Function-Specific Motifs for Tissue Regeneration.

Protein-based self-assembling hydrogels can exhibit remarkably tunable properties as a scaffold for regenerative medicine applications. In this study, we sought to develop a leucine zipper (LZ) based self-assembling hydrogel with function-specific motifs for tissue-specific regeneration. As a proof-of-concept approach, we incorporated (a) calcium-binding domains ESQES and QESQSEQS derived from dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) and (b) an heparin-binding domain adjacent preceded by an MMP2 (matrix metalloprotease 2) cleavage site to facilitate loading of heparin binding growth factors, such as BMP-2, VEGF, and TGF-β1, and their release in vivo by endogenous MMP2 proteolytic cleavage.

Reopening dentistry after COVID-19: Complete suppression of aerosolization in dental procedures by viscoelastic Medusa Gorgo.

The aerosol transmissibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has impacted the delivery of health care and essentially stopped the provision of medical and dental therapies. Dentistry uses rotary, ultrasonic, and laser-based instruments that produce water-based aerosols in the daily, routine treatment of patients. Abundant aerosols are generated, which reach health care workers and other patients.

Bone regeneration is mediated by macrophage extracellular vesicles.

Multiple local and systemic factors including inflammation influence bone regeneration. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that macrophages contribute to the immunological regulation of MSC and osteoblast function during bone regeneration. Recent studies demonstrate that macrophage polarization influences this regulatory process.