Investigation of social support as a mediator of the relationship between physical and psychological health among hospitalised patients.

Aim: To investigate the self-reported levels of social support from friends and family and from nurses as mediators of the relationship between self-rated physical and psychological condition in hospitalised patients.

Design: Cross-sectional study of adult inpatients at a large tertiary-care hospital in the northeast United States.

Methods: Multiple mediation analysis of survey data.

Examining the effect of quality improvement initiatives on decreasing racial disparities in maternal morbidity.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of quality improvement (QI) and patient safety initiatives and data disaggregation on racial disparities in severe maternal morbidity from hemorrhage (SMM-H).Our hospital began monitoring and reporting on SMM-overall and SMM-H rates in 2018 using administrative data. In March 2019, we began stratifying data by race and ethnicity and noted a disparity in rates, with non-Hispanic Black women having the highest SMM rates.

Rapid Deployment of a Drive-Through Prenatal Care Model in Response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a public health emergency for the entire United States. Providing access to prenatal health care while limiting exposure of both obstetric health care professionals and patients to COVID-19 is challenging. Although reductions in the frequency of prenatal visits and implementation of telehealth interventions provide some options, there still remains a need for patient-health care professional visits.

Grit: The Essential Trait of Nurses During a Disaster.

Natural and man-made disasters have increased dramatically over time, requiring healthcare systems to develop and sustain emergency preparedness plans. Nurse leaders and frontline clinical nurses are often the first and long-term responders during these traumatic events. Emergency preparedness requires nurses exceed expectations beyond the daily level of performance in caring for patients in the presence of obstacles.

Outcomes of Planned Compared With Urgent Deliveries Using a Multidisciplinary Team Approach for Morbidly Adherent Placenta.

Objective: To compare outcomes between planned and urgent cesarean hysterectomy for morbidly adherent placenta managed by a multidisciplinary team.

Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study of women with singleton pregnancies with antenatally suspected and pathologically confirmed morbidly adherent placenta who underwent cesarean hysterectomy between January 1, 2011, and February 30, 2017. Timing of delivery was classified as either planned (delivery at 34-35 weeks of gestation) or urgent (need for urgent delivery as a result of uterine contractions, bleeding, or both).

Nurses' Early Recognition of Neonatal Sepsis.

Objective: To determine nurses' perceptions of the most common physiologic and behavioral indicators of neonatal sepsis.

Design: Descriptive correlational study.

Setting: A women's and children's hospital in an academic medical center in the southwestern United States.

90-90-90-Plus: Maintaining Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapies.

Medication adherence is the "Plus" in the global challenge to have 90% of HIV-infected individuals tested, 90% of those who are HIV positive treated, and 90% of those treated achieve an undetectable viral load. The latter indicates viral suppression, the goal for clinicians treating people living with HIV (PLWH). The comparative importance of different psychosocial scales in predicting the level of antiretroviral adherence, however, has been little studied.

Sexual transmission-risk behaviour among HIV-positive persons: a multisite study using social action theory.

Aim: Sexual risk behaviour was explored and described using Social Action Theory.

Background: The sexual transmission of HIV is complex and multi-factorial. Social Action Theory provides a framework for viewing self-regulation of modifiable behaviour such as condom use.

A Cross-Sectional Relationship Between Social Capital, Self-Compassion, and Perceived HIV Symptoms.

Context: Individual resources of social capital and self-compassion are associated with health behaviors and perceived symptoms, suggesting that both are positive resources that can be modified to improve a person's symptom experience.

Objectives: The aim was to examine the relationship between self-compassion and social capital and its impact on current HIV symptom experience in adult people living with HIV (PLWH). We further explored the impact of age on this relationship.

Engagement with Health Care Providers Affects Self- Efficacy, Self-Esteem, Medication Adherence and Quality of Life in People Living with HIV.

The engagement of patients with their health care providers (HCP) improves patients' quality of life (QOL), adherence to antiretroviral therapy, and life satisfaction. Engagement with HCP includes access to HCP as needed, information sharing, involvement of client in decision making and self-care activities, respect and support of the HCP for the client's choices, and management of client concerns. This study compares country-level differences in patients' engagement with HCP and assesses statistical associations relative to adherence rates, self-efficacy, self-esteem, QOL, and symptom self-reporting by people living with HIV (PLHIV).

Self-compassion and risk behavior among people living with HIV/AIDS.

Sexual risk behavior and illicit drug use among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) contribute to poor health and onward transmission of HIV. The aim of this collaborative multi-site nursing research study was to explore the association between self-compassion and risk behaviors in PLWHA. As part of a larger project, nurse researchers in Canada, China, Namibia, Puerto Rico, Thailand and the US enrolled 1211 sexually active PLWHA using convenience sampling.

Predictors of medication adherence among HIV-positive women in North America.

Objective: To explore the relationships among contextual, environmental, and regulatory factors with antiretroviral (ARV) medication adherence to assist care providers in improving care for women living with HIV.

Design: Descriptive, multicenter study.

Setting: Sixteen HIV clinics and service organizations in North America.

Pregnancy with chronic illness.

Objective: To describe the experience of pregnancy with a chronic illness.

Design: Qualitative description.

Setting: Tertiary Medical Center, Northeast United States.

Implementation of a continuing education model for nurses in Bangladesh.

An abundance of information is available to help nurses to provide evidence-based patient care. Professional nursing practice depends on the commitment of nurses to obtain new knowledge through continuing education. In many global settings, regulatory agencies oversee nurse registration and licensing.

Associations between the legal context of HIV, perceived social capital, and HIV antiretroviral adherence in North America.

Background: Human rights approaches to manage HIV and efforts to decriminalize HIV exposure/transmission globally offer hope to persons living with HIV (PLWH). However, among vulnerable populations of PLWH, substantial human rights and structural challenges (disadvantage and injustice that results from everyday practices of a well-intentioned liberal society) must be addressed. These challenges span all ecosocial context levels and in North America (Canada and the United States) can include prosecution for HIV nondisclosure and HIV exposure/transmission.

Use of a brief version of the self-compassion inventory with an international sample of people with HIV/AIDS.

The objective of this study was to extend the psychometric evaluation of a brief version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). A secondary analysis of data from an international sample of 1967 English-speaking persons living with HIV disease was used to examine the factor structure, and reliability of the 12-item Brief Version Self-Compassion Inventory (BVSCI). A Maximum Likelihood factor analysis and Oblimin with Kaiser Normalization confirmed a two-factor solution, accounting for 42.

Focus on increasing treatment self-efficacy to improve human immunodeficiency virus treatment adherence.

Purpose: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment self-efficacy is the confidence held by an individual in her or his ability to follow treatment recommendations, including specific HIV care such as initiating and adhering to antiretroviral therapy (ART). The purpose of this study was to explore the potential mediating role of treatment adherence self-efficacy in the relationships between Social Cognitive Theory constructs and self- reported ART adherence.

Design: Cross-sectional and descriptive.

Evaluation of the use of simulation with student midwives in Zambia.

The largest health discrepancy in the world is maternal mortality with most deaths occurring around the labor, delivery and postpartum period. The presence of skilled birth attendants such as qualified midwives is a leading factor in averting death and disability. This study evaluated the use of simulation with midwifery students in Zambia using a pre and post test quasi experimental design measuring confidence, satisfaction with learning, and knowledge between students who experienced simulation and those who had traditional instruction.

Orphans and at-risk children in Haiti: vulnerabilities and human rights issues postearthquake.

The vulnerability of children in Haiti has increased dramatically since the earthquake in January 2010. Prior to the earthquake, the prevalence of orphans and at-risk children was high but since the earthquake, more than 1 million people-with more than 380,000 children remaining displaced and living in over 1200 displacement sites. These existing conditions leave orphans and at-risk children vulnerable to exploitation, abuse, and increased risk of HIV/AIDS.

A cross-sectional description of social capital in an international sample of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH).

Background: Social capital refers to the resources linked to having a strong social network. This concept plays into health outcomes among People Living with HIV/AIDS because, globally, this is a highly marginalized population. Case studies show that modifying social capital can lead to improvements in HIV transmission and management; however, there remains a lack of description or definition of social capital in international settings.

Unhealthy substance-use behaviors as symptom-related self-care in persons with HIV/AIDS.

Unhealthy substance-use behaviors, including a heavy alcohol intake, illicit drug use, and cigarette smoking, are engaged in by many HIV-positive individuals, often as a way to manage their disease-related symptoms. This study, based on data from a larger randomized controlled trial of an HIV/AIDS symptom management manual, examines the prevalence and characteristics of unhealthy behaviors in relation to HIV/AIDS symptoms. The mean age of the sample (n = 775) was 42.

Focused maternal ultrasound by midwives in rural Zambia.

Point-of-care ultrasound is being increasingly implemented in resource-poor settings in an ad hoc fashion. We developed a focused maternal ultrasound-training program for midwives in a rural health district in Zambia. Four hundred forty-one scans were recorded by 21 midwives during the 6-month study period.

Addressing poverty, education, and gender equality to improve the health of women worldwide.

The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) that target alleviating poverty, improving primary education, and fostering gender equity are important as a foundation to promote world health. Achieving these goals will create an environment for healthy lives for women and children. Poverty, education, and gender equality, although undeniably linked, need to be addressed individually.

The Pregnant Women with HIV Attitude Scale: development and initial psychometric evaluation.

Aim: This paper is a report of the development and initial psychometric evaluation of the Pregnant Women with HIV Attitude Scale.

Background: Previous research has identified that attitudes toward persons with HIV/AIDS have been judgmental and could affect clinical care and outcomes. Stigma towards persons with HIV has persisted as a barrier to nursing care globally.