Potassium-Competitive Acid Blockers and Proton Pump Inhibitors: The Dynamic Duo of Acid Blockers.

The management of acid-based disorders was transformed in the 1980s with the advent of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which target the hydrogen-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (proton pump) of the parietal cell. Potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs), a newer class of medications, act at the same proton pump through a novel mechanism resulting in profound and sustained acid suppression. Although trials in Asian populations over the past decades have highlighted the potential benefit of P-CABs, clinical trials in Western populations have been initiated more recently.

Measurement of Λ_{b}^{0}, Λ_{c}^{+}, and Λ Decay Parameters Using Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ_{c}^{+}h^{-} Decays.

A comprehensive study of the angular distributions in the bottom-baryon decays Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ_{c}^{+}h^{-}(h=π,K), followed by Λ_{c}^{+}→Λh^{+} with Λ→pπ^{-} or Λ_{c}^{+}→pK_{S}^{0} decays, is performed using a data sample of proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9  fb^{-1} collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. The decay parameters and the associated charge-parity (CP) asymmetries are measured, with no significant CP violation observed. For the first time, the Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ_{c}^{+}h^{-} decay parameters are measured.

Mindful self-compassion for lung cancer (MSC-LC): Incorporating perspectives of lung cancer patients, clinicians, and researchers to create an adapted intervention to reduce lung cancer stigma.

Background: Stigma is a pervasive and distressing problem experienced frequently by lung cancer patients, and there is a lack of psychosocial interventions that target the reduction of lung cancer stigma. Mindful self-compassion (MSC) is an empirically supported intervention demonstrated to increase self-compassion and reduce feelings of shame and distress in non-cancer populations. However, there are several anticipated challenges for delivering MSC to lung cancer patients, and modifications may be needed to improve acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility.

The Impact of COVID-19 on the Division of Household Labor Among Women Physicians and Advanced Practice Providers.

Background: COVID-19 increased the burden of childcare on parents, leaving women vulnerable to increased disparities in the division of domestic labor. Women healthcare workers may be at heightened risk of worsening gender parity in the workplace as a result.

Objective: To examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gender parity in the division of household responsibilities among women healthcare workers.

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Advances in Diagnosis and Management.

Purpose Of Review: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a disabling spinal pathology, with a significant morbidity if left untreated. This review investigates the recent advances in the diagnosis and management of AIS.

Recent Findings: Low radiation techniques have become a paramount focus in the management of patient's with AIS.

Look above the IRP: predicting abnormal confirmatory testing in patients with esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction.

Background: Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) is a manometric diagnosis based on Chicago Classification version 4.0 (CC4.0) that requires confirmatory testing for clinical relevancy.

Machine learning-optimized targeted detection of alternative splicing.

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is widely adopted for transcriptome analysis but has inherent biases that hinder the comprehensive detection and quantification of alternative splicing. To address this, we present an efficient targeted RNA-seq method that greatly enriches for splicing-informative junction-spanning reads. Local splicing variation sequencing (LSV-seq) utilizes multiplexed reverse transcription from highly scalable pools of primers anchored near splicing events of interest.

Does Your Gender Impact Resident Operative Experience? A Multi- Institutional Qualitative Study.

Introduction: Recent quantitative data found that female surgical residents perform on average 37 fewer cases during their training than their male counterparts, which is equivalent to 1 to 3 months of operative experience. To further understand reasons for these observations, we performed focus groups among female general surgery residents.

Methods: Twenty- five participants from all PGY levels at 21 programs were recruited.

Determining the time to cholangiocarcinoma in pediatric-onset PSC-IBD.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma. When a child is diagnosed with both PSC and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), evidence-based information on counseling families and risk management of developing cholangiocarcinoma is limited. In this case series (PubMed/collaborators), we included patients with PSC-IBD who developed cholangiocarcinoma and contacted authors to determine an event curve specifying the time between the second diagnosis (IBD or PSC) and a diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma.

The Spatial Organization of Ascending Auditory Pathway Microstructural Maturation From Infancy Through Adolescence Using a Novel Fiber Tracking Approach.

Auditory perception is established through experience-dependent stimuli exposure during sensitive developmental periods; however, little is known regarding the structural development of the central auditory pathway in humans. The present study characterized the regional developmental trajectories of the ascending auditory pathway from the brainstem to the auditory cortex from infancy through adolescence using a novel diffusion MRI-based tractography approach and along-tract analyses. We used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) to quantify the magnitude and timing of auditory pathway microstructural maturation.

Loss of DOT1L function disrupts neuronal transcription, animal behavior, and leads to a novel neurodevelopmental disorder.

Individuals with monoallelic pathogenic variants in the histone lysine methyltransferase DOT1L display global developmental delay and varying congenital anomalies. However, the impact of monoallelic loss of remains unclear. Here, we present a largely female cohort of 11 individuals with variants with developmental delays and dysmorphic facial features.

Relationship between critical illness recovery and social determinants of health: a multiperspective qualitative study in British Columbia, Canada.

Objectives: There are health disparities and inequities in the outcomes of critical illness survivors related to the influence of social determinants of health on recovery. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between critical illness recovery and the intermediary social determinants of health in the Canadian context. Because Canadian healthcare is provided within a universal publicly funded system, this analysis sheds light on the role of social determinants of health in the context of universal health services and a relatively robust social safety net.

The influence of risk perception on disaster recovery: A case study of new Jersey families impacted by hurricane sandy.

Introduction: Risk perceptions of extreme weather events have been explored extensively through the lens of emergency preparation, but the influence of pre-storm risk perceptions on resilience and recovery trajectories are understudied. The objective of this qualitative analysis is to explore 1) the factors which shape residents' perception of risk prior to an event, and 2) how these factors contribute to 'sensemaking,' after the storm to influence experiences of recovery.

Methods: Eight focus groups and ten in-depth interviews (N = 38) from the Hurricane Sandy Child Impact Study were analyzed using grounded theory.

Looking back at the TEDDY study: lessons and future directions.

The goal of the TEDDY (The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young) study is to elucidate factors leading to the initiation of islet autoimmunity (first primary outcome) and those related to progression to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM; second primary outcome). This Review outlines the key findings so far, particularly related to the first primary outcome. The background, history and organization of the study are discussed.

Resident Race and Operative Experience in General Surgery Residency: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Introduction: Recent multi-institutional quantitative work has found that Black general surgery residents perform fewer operations during training. Further mixed-methods research exploring the reasons for this phenomenon is needed to address this inequity for residents who are underrepresented in medicine (URiM).

Material And Methods: Data were collected through open response and Likert scale questions that were distributed electronically to residents at 21 accredited US general surgery programs within the US Resident Operative Experience Consortium.

Effects of one-night partial sleep deprivation on perivascular space volume fraction: Findings from the Stockholm Sleepy Brain Study.

Increased waste clearance in the brain is thought to occur most readily during late-stage sleep (stage N3). Sleep deprivation disrupts time spent in deeper sleep stages, fragmenting the clearance process. Here, we have utilized the publicly available Stockholm Sleepy Brain Study to investigate whether various sleep-related measures are associated with changes in perivascular space (PVS) volume fraction following a late-night short-sleep experiment.

Risk of celiac disease autoimmunity is modified by interactions between CD247 and environmental exposures.

Season of birth, viral infections, HLA haplogenotypes and non-HLA variants are implicated in the development of celiac disease and celiac disease autoimmunity, suggesting a combined role of genes and environmental exposures. The aim of the study was to further decipher the biological pathways conveying the season of birth effect in celiac disease autoimmunity to gain novel insights into the early pathogenesis of celiac disease. Interactions between season of birth, genetics, and early-life environmental factors on the risk of celiac autoimmunity were investigated in the multicenter TEDDY birth cohort study.

Financial toxicity in early-phase cancer clinical trial participants.

Background: Little is known about financial toxicity in early-phase clinical trial (EP-CT) participants. This study sought to describe financial toxicity in EP-CT participants and assess associations with patient characteristics and patient-reported outcomes (PROs).

Methods: Prospectively enrolled EP-CT participants from were followed from April 2021 through January 2023.

Machine learning-optimized targeted detection of alternative splicing.

RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) is widely adopted for transcriptome analysis but has inherent biases which hinder the comprehensive detection and quantification of alternative splicing. To address this, we present an efficient targeted RNA-seq method that greatly enriches for splicing-informative junction-spanning reads. Local Splicing Variation sequencing (LSV-seq) utilizes multiplexed reverse transcription from highly scalable pools of primers anchored near splicing events of interest.