Synthesis and Characterization of Rutile TiO Nanoparticles for the Toxicological Effect on the H9c2 Cell Line from Rats.

The widespread use of titanium dioxide (TiO) has raised concerns about potential health risks associated with its cytotoxicity in the cardiovascular system. To evaluate the cytotoxicity of TiO particles, the H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts were used as a biological model, and their toxicological susceptibility to TiO-anatase and TiO-rutile particles was studied in vitro. The study examined dose and time exposure responses.