Region-specific changes in brain glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid across the migraine attack in children and adolescents.

In patients with migraine, an excitation-inhibition imbalance that fluctuates relative to attack onset has been proposed to contribute to the underlying pathophysiology of migraine, but this has yet to be explored in children and adolescents. This prospective, observational, cohort study examined glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels across the phases of a migraine attack and interictally in children and adolescents using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Macromolecule-suppressed GABA (sensorimotor cortex and thalamus) and glutamate (occipital cortex, sensorimotor cortex, and thalamus) were measured in children and adolescents (10-17 years) with a migraine diagnosis with or without aura 4 times over 2 weeks.

Anxiety and depressive symptoms and migraine-related outcomes in children and adolescents.

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the longitudinal relationship between anxiety and depressive symptoms and migraine outcomes in children and adolescents.

Background: Children and adolescents with migraine experience more anxiety and depressive symptoms than their peers without migraine, but it is unknown if these symptoms are associated with differential migraine outcomes.

Methods: In this prospective clinical cohort study, children and adolescents aged 8.

Remission in major depression: results from a geriatric primary care population.

Objectives: While a recent task force report recommended that remission from major depression be defined according to DSM criteria, most previous work has used depressive symptom rating scales. The current study sought to identify baseline factors associated with treatment outcome in major depression, diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria.

Methods: Data from the Primary Care Research in Substance Abuse and Mental Health for the Elderly (PRISM-E) study were utilized.