Educational and Career Development Outcomes Among Undergraduate Summer Research Interns: A Pipeline for Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, and Biomedical Science.

Nurturing undergraduate students' interest in careers in science, technology, engineering, and medicine is important to developing the future health-care workforce. Summer research internships provide experiential learning that is important to sustaining students' interest in science, technology, engineering, and medicine careers and inspiring higher educational goals. The Edmondson Summer Research Internship is a mentored program for undergraduate students in University of California Davis Health's Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.

The Association of Pathology Chairs' Pathology Leadership Academy: Experience From the First 2 Years.

Leadership development and succession planning are critical to ensure continued strength of academic pathology. The Association of Pathology Chairs developed the Pathology Leadership Academy to prepare future academic leaders. The purpose of this report is to describe: (1) Pathology Leadership Academy's development and curriculum, (2) how Pathology Leadership Academy has met leadership development needs for individuals and academic departments in its first 2 years, (3) Pathology Leadership Academy's future directions based on program feedback.

Papanicolaou Address: Why the next generation should take this journey and overcome constraint.

Cytopathology is experiencing many forces that are changing and constraining current practice, including the need for cost efficiencies, new technologies, expectations for higher quality and faster turnaround time, and a diminishing workforce. Two "hot topics" that will have considerable influence on the changes in the future practice of cytopathology are artificial intelligence and optimization of cervical screening intervals and methods. The future growth and success of the cytopathology subspecialty will require using constraint as a catalyst to achieve transformative solutions, as well as an optimistic "we can if…" entrepreneurial attitude.

Evaluating a Medical School's Climate for Women's Success: Outcomes for Faculty Recruitment, Retention, and Promotion.

Objective: Women are under-represented in academia. Causative factors include challenges of career-family integration. We evaluated factors reflecting institutional culture (promotion, retention, hiring, and biasing language in promotion letters) as part of an intervention to help shift culture and raise awareness of flexibility policies at the University of California, Davis (UCD).

Impact of a student-led community education program to promote Pap test screening among Asian-American women.

Introduction: Among ethnic groups, Asian-American women have the highest incidence of cervical cancer, low cervical cancer screening rates, and are more likely to state they have "never thought about" and/or "do not need" Pap testing. Through a Patient Advocacy grant awarded by the American Society of Cytopathology Foundation, we developed a culturally sensitive educational outreach program to encourage Pap screening among Asian-Americans in our community.

Materials And Methods: Educational materials, translated into three languages, were shared at nine community events by undergraduate and medical student volunteers.

The Role of Compensation Criteria to Minimize Face-Time Bias and Support Faculty Career Flexibility: An Approach to Enhance Career Satisfaction in Academic Pathology.

Work-life balance is important to recruitment and retention of the younger generation of medical faculty, but medical school flexibility policies have not been fully effective. We have reported that our school's policies are underutilized due to faculty concerns about looking uncommitted to career or team. Since policies include leaves and accommodations that reduce physical presence, faculty may fear "face-time bias," which negatively affects evaluation of those not "seen" at work.

Do Family Responsibilities and a Clinical Versus Research Faculty Position Affect Satisfaction with Career and Work-Life Balance for Medical School Faculty?

Background: Balancing career and family obligations poses challenges to medical school faculty and contributes to dissatisfaction and attrition from academics. We examined the relationship between family setting and responsibilities, rank, and career and work-life satisfaction for faculty in a large U.S.

Sex Differences in Workplace Satisfaction and Engagement of Academic Pathologists: Opportunities to Enhance Faculty Diversity.

Context: There is attrition of women across professorial ranks in academic pathology. Women are underrepresented as leaders; 15.4% of academic pathology departments are chaired by women, according to the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC).

Can automated alerts within computerized physician order entry improve compliance with laboratory practice guidelines for ordering Pap tests?

Background: The electronic health record (EHR) provides opportunity to improve health and enhance appropriate test utilization through decision support. Electronic alerts in the order entry system can guide test use. Few published reports have assessed the impact of automated alerts on compliance of Pap ordering with published screening guidelines.

Identification of Trichomonas vaginalis in different Papanicolaou test preparations: trends over time in the College of American Pathologists educational Interlaboratory Comparison Program.

Context: The College of American Pathologists' Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Gynecologic Cytology has seen an increase in enrollment in liquid-based Papanicolaou test challenges with a decrease for conventional Papanicolaou tests. Trichomonas vaginalis can be difficult to identify in all preparation types.

Objectives: To evaluate 20 years of participant results from the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Gynecologic Cytology for Trichomonas to ascertain whether performance has changed because of the introduction of liquid-based Papanicolaou and proficiency testing.

General quality practices in gynecologic cytopathology: findings from the College of American Pathologists Gynecologic Cytopathology Quality Consensus Conference working group 3.

Context: There are many long-standing quality monitors for cytopathology laboratories and their cytotechnologists and pathologists. Many of these monitors are based on tradition and empirical good intentions. There is no established standard as to how results of these monitors should be used in a quality assurance program.

The role of proficiency testing in ensuring quality: findings from the College of American Pathologists Gynecologic Cytopathology Quality Consensus Conference working group 3.

Context: Implementation of proficiency testing for gynecologic cytology was delayed 20 years because of challenges addressing the subjective nature of cytologic interpretation and replicating normal working conditions. Concern remains regarding test scoring, slide validation, test environment, and other issues. How these test results are, or should be, used in quality management has never been explored.

Issues and challenges of non-tenure-track research faculty: the UC Davis School of Medicine experience.

Nationally, medical schools are appointing growing numbers of research faculty into non-tenure-track positions, paralleling a similar trend in universities. The American Association of University Professors (AAUP) issued a statement expressing concern that the marked growth in non-tenure-track faculty can undermine educational quality, academic freedom, and collegiality. Like other medical schools, the UC Davis School of Medicine has had a rise in non-tenure-track faculty in order to enhance its research mission, in particular in the Salaried Adjunct faculty track (SalAdj).

Timeliness and follow-up patterns of cervical cancer detection in a cohort of medically underserved California women.

Introduction: This study examines factors associated with timely follow-up after Pap test in a program providing cervical cancer detection services to medically underserved California women.

Methods: Data between 01 January 1992 and 30 June 2007 were analyzed. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to identify subgroups of women with delayed time to diagnosis or treatment scheduling.

Living with uncertainty: equivocal Pap test results and the evolution of ASC terminology.

Communication of equivocal findings and their significance has been a significant challenge related to Pap testing throughout its history. Terminology to report these findings has changed considerably to accommodate the changes in understanding of cervical neoplasia, and to accommodate new management strategies, tests, and technologies. This article reviews the evolution of terminology for equivocal Pap test findings from the original Papanicolaou classification to the current the Bethesda System 2001 atypical squamous cells terminology, the implication and use of these terms, and the changing landscape of cervical neoplasia screening, which prompted these terminology changes.

Generational forecasting in academic medicine: a unique method of planning for success in the next two decades.

Multigenerational teams are essential to the missions of academic health centers (AHCs). Generational forecasting using Strauss and Howe's predictive model, "the generational diagonal," can be useful for anticipating and addressing issues so that each generation is effective. Forecasts are based on the observation that cyclical historical events are experienced by all generations, but the response of each generation differs according to its phase of life and previous defining experiences.

Cervical cancer screening in medically underserved California Latina and non-Latina women: effect of age and regularity of Pap testing.

Background: This study focuses on age, race/ethnicity and regular cervical cancer screening of medically underserved Latina and non-Latina women enrolled in California's Cancer Detection Programs: Every Woman Counts (CDP: EWC).

Methods: Data from a cohort of women were evaluated for regularity of screening and ethnicity utilizing multi-category logistic regression models to investigate Pap test and biopsy results.

Results: There was no statistically significant difference among medically underserved Latina or non-Latina women in Pap test result and stage of cervical cancer after controlling for age and screening regularity.

Impact of ASC-H terminology on the detection of HSILs in medically underserved California women.

In this study we evaluated CDP: EWC, a large public health screening program for low-income women to determine whether the ASC-H term, introduced in the 2001 revision to the Bethesda System, has facilitated the detection of the most serious precancerous cervical lesions such as CIN-II-III/CIS, including accuracy of detection and minimizing diagnostic delays. Pap test and biopsy data from the period 2003-2006 were compared with those from 1995-1999, and included analysis of a subset of rarely and never-screened for each study period. More ASC-H Pap tests were followed by CIN-II+ biopsies (20%) than ASCUS Pap tests (5%).

A web-based data repository and review system for faculty evaluation and promotion.

The authors describe the development of MyInfoVault (MIV), a Web-based central data repository with a variety of integrated applications that generate a series of professional documents. These documents can be circulated and archived. MIV was developed and piloted over several years (2002-2006) at the University of California-Davis in response to a perceived need to improve management of faculty merit and promotion dossiers.

Cytomorphology of common malignant tumors of the breast.

A definitive cytologic diagnosis of breast cancer is usually possible when using the six major criteria of malignancy (cellularity, dyshesion, monomorphism, anisonucleosis, irregular nuclear membranes, prominent nucleoli) as part of the triple test. Carcinomas of special type have unique clinical and cytologic features that pathologists need to consider, because these may confuse interpretation. Complete subtyping of carcinomas may not always be possible by fine needle aspiration.

Multigenerational challenges in academic medicine: UCDavis's responses.

Academic medicine is a unique work environment, one of the few where members of four different generations regularly interact and where multigenerational teams are key to fulfilling its missions, particularly education. This can lead to increased creativity, but also to intergenerational conflict, since each generation has different values and expectations. The authors describe multigenerational challenges confronted at the University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, and that school's responses to them.