Targeting Human Pancreatic Cancer with a Fluorophore-Conjugated Mucin 4 (MUC4) Antibody: Initial Characterization in Orthotopic Cell Line Mouse Models.

Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of death related to cancer. The only possible cure presently is complete surgical resection; however, this is limited by difficulty in clearly defining tumor margins. Enhancement of the visualization of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor margins using near-infrared dye-conjugated tumor-specific antibodies was pioneered by using anti-CEA, anti-CA19.

Accurate Co-Localization of Luciferase Expression and Fluorescent Anti-CEA Antibody Targeting of Liver Metastases in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Colon Cancer.

Background: The present study aimed to validate the accuracy of a tumor-specific antibody to target liver metastases of colorectal cancer.

Methods: A humanized anti-CEA antibody conjugated to a fluorescent dye (M5A-IR800) was tested for targeting human colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLMs) expressing luciferase in an orthotopic mouse model. Orthotopic mouse models of CRLMs were established by implanting fragments of a luciferase-expressing human colorectal cancer cell line, LS174T, in the liver of nude mice.

Association of negative pressure wound therapy and surgical site infections in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery: An entropy balanced analysis.

Background And Objectives: Surgical site infections (SSIs) after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) ± hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) are a major cause of potentially avoidable morbidity. We explored the association of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) with SSI in patients undergoing CRS/HIPEC.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of consecutive patients undergoing CRS/HIPEC for non-gynecologic cancers.

The Impact of Low Workplace Support During Pregnancy on Surgeon Distress and Career Dissatisfaction.

Objective: To describe the impact of lack of workplace support (LOWS) for obstetric health on surgeon distress and career satisfaction.

Background: Although most pregnant surgeons desire clinical duty reductions to mitigate obstetric risk, few modify their schedules due to low workplace support.

Methods: US surgeons with at least one live birth completed an electronic survey.

Do Complications After Pancreatoduodenectomy Have an Impact on Long-Term Quality of Life and Functional Outcomes?

Objective: Our aim was to assess whether complications after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) impact long-term quality of life (QoL) and functional outcomes.

Background: There is an increasing number of long-term post-PD survivors, but few studies have evaluated long-term QoL outcomes.

Methods: The EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-PAN26 questionnaires were administered to patients who survived >5 years post-PD.

Targeting Patient-Derived Orthotopic Gastric Cancers with a Fluorescent Humanized Anti-CEA Antibody.

Background: Gastric cancer poses a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge as surgical resection provides the only opportunity for a cure. Specific labeling of gastric cancer could distinguish resectable and nonresectable disease and facilitate an R0 resection, which could improve survival.

Methods: Two patient-derived gastric cancer lines, KG8 and KG10, were established from surgical specimens of two patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma.

Continuous infusion versus bolus injection of loop diuretics for acute heart failure.

Background: Acute heart failure (AHF) is new onset of, or a sudden worsening of, chronic heart failure characterised by congestion in about 95% of cases or end-organ hypoperfusion in 5% of cases. Treatment often requires urgent escalation of diuretic therapy, mainly through hospitalisation. This Cochrane review evaluated the efficacy of intravenous loop diuretics strategies in treating AHF in individuals with New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification III or IV and fluid overload.

Factors Affecting Recurrence and Survival for Patients with High-Risk Stage II Melanoma.

Background: In the current era of effective adjuvant therapies and de-escalation of surgery, distinguishing which patients with high-risk stage II melanoma are at increased risk of recurrence after excision of the primary lesion is essential to determining appropriate treatment and surveillance plans.

Methods: A single-center retrospective study analyzed patients with stage IIB or IIC melanoma. Demographic and tumor data were collected, and genomic analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples was performed via an internal next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform (SNaPshot).

Assessing the impact of different heparin dosing regimens for cardiopulmonary bypass on anticoagulation: the HepDOSE pilot study.

Purpose: It has been suggested that a larger heparin dose during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with reduced perioperative coagulopathy and thromboembolic complications. We investigated the effect of different heparin doses during routine elective cardiac surgery. Our primary outcomes include blood loss and transfusion and secondary outcomes investigate the effects on coagulation biomarkers.

[F]-FDG uptake in brain slices prepared from an aged mouse model of Alzheimer's disease using a dynamic autoradiography technique.

Objective: 2-[F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography ([F]-FDG-PET) is a imaging modality that has been used to measure of glucose metabolism in the brain in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clinically, decreased glucose uptake has been reported in the brain of AD, although the precise underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. To elucidate the mechanisms of decreased [F]-FDG uptake in the AD by PET, [F]-FDG uptake in the brain of aged model mouse of AD was investigated using a dynamic autoradiography technique "bioradiography".

Fluorescence lifetime of injected indocyanine green as a universal marker of solid tumours in patients.

The surgical resection of solid tumours can be enhanced by fluorescence-guided imaging. However, variable tumour uptake and incomplete clearance of fluorescent dyes reduces the accuracy of distinguishing tumour from normal tissue via conventional fluorescence intensity-based imaging. Here we show that, after systemic injection of the near-infrared dye indocyanine green in patients with various types of solid tumour, the fluorescence lifetime (FLT) of tumour tissue is longer than the FLT of non-cancerous tissue.

Humanized Anti-Carcinoembryonic Antigen Antibodies Brightly Target and Label Gastric Cancer in Orthotopic Mouse Models.

Introduction: Gastric cancer poses a major therapeutic challenge. Improved visualization of tumor margins at the time of gastrectomy with fluorescent tumor-specific antibodies could improve outcomes. The present report demonstrates the potential of targeting gastric cancer with a humanized anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibody in orthotopic mouse models.

PEGylated Fluorescent Anti-carcinoembryonic Antigen Antibody Labels Colorectal Cancer Tumors in Orthotopic Mouse Models.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients often develop liver metastasis. However, curative resection of liver metastasis is not always possible due to poor visualization of tumor margins. The present study reports the characterization of a humanized anti-carcinoembryonic antigen monoclonal antibody conjugated to a PEGylated near-infrared dye, that targets and brightly labels human CRC tumors in metastatic orthotopic mouse models.

Multimodality PET and Near-Infrared Fluorescence Intraoperative Imaging of CEA-Positive Colorectal Cancer.

Purpose: Molecular imaging is a major diagnostic component for cancer management, enabling detection, staging of disease, targeting therapy, and monitoring the therapeutic response. The coordination of multimodality imaging techniques further enhances tumor localization. The development of a single agent for real-time non-invasive targeted positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) will provide the next generation tool in the surgical management of cancer.

Colon-cancer liver metastasis is effectively targeted by recombinant methioninase (rMETase) in an orthotopic mouse model.

Background: Colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CCLM) is the most frequent cause of death of colorectal cancer. Development of novel new effective therapy is needed for CCLM patients to improve outcome. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of recombinant methioninase (rMETase) on a CCLM orthotopic mouse model of liver metastasis established using the human colon cancer cell line HT29 expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP).

Robotic Function-Preserving Resection of Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor.

Introduction: Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) located at the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ), lesser curvature, posterior gastric wall, or antrum present challenges for gastric function preservation. The aim of this study was to evaluate safety and effectiveness of robot-assisted resection of gastric GIST in challenging anatomic locations.

Methods: This was a single-center case series of robotic gastric GIST resections in challenging anatomic locations performed from 2019 to 2021.

ASO Author Reflections: The Evolution of Surgery for Patients with Stage IV Melanoma.

The role of surgery for patients with stage IV melanoma is rapidly evolving. In the past, limited treatment options were available and surgery was offered to carefully selected patients. Currently, in the era of effective immunotherapy, the role of surgery is still being defined.

Specific Targeting and Labeling of Colonic Polyps in Mice with Mucin 5AC Fluorescent Antibodies: A Model for Detection of Early Colon Cancer.

Poor visualization of polyps can limit colorectal cancer screening. Fluorescent antibodies to mucin5AC (MUC5AC), a glycoprotein upregulated in adenomas and colorectal cancer, could improve screening colonoscopy polyp detection rate. Adenomatous polyposis coli flox mice with a transgene () develop colonic polyps that contain both dysplastic and malignant tissue.

Surgical Utilization and Outcomes for Patients with Stage IV Melanoma in the Modern Immunotherapy Era.

Background: The benefit of surgery for patients with stage IV melanoma in the modern era of effective immunotherapy is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate trends and outcomes after surgical resection of stage IV melanoma in the modern immunotherapy era.

Methods: Patients with stage IV melanoma who received surgery, immunotherapy, or both from 2012 to 2017 were identified from the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among slaughterhouse workers in Yangon Region, Myanmar: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Toxoplasmosis, having the significant consequences affecting mortality and quality of life, is still prevalent in various places throughout the world. The major gap in surveillance for Toxoplasma gondii infection among high-risk population, slaughterhouse workers, is an obstacle for the effective policies formulation to reduce the burden of toxoplasmosis in Myanmar. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and associated factors of seropositivity among slaughterhouse workers in Yangon Region, Myanmar.

The fourth national tuberculosis prevalence survey in Myanmar.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Myanmar. The fourth National TB Prevalence Survey was conducted in 2017-2018 to determine the actual burden of TB not only at the national level but also for three subnational strata (the states, regions other than Yangon, and the Yangon region) and develop a more efficacious country strategy on TB care and control. One hundred and thirty eight clusters were selected by population proportionate sampling.

The Mucin Family of Proteins: Candidates as Potential Biomarkers for Colon Cancer.

Mucins (MUC1-MUC24) are a family of glycoproteins involved in cell signaling and barrier protection. They have been implicated in the progression of numerous malignancies including gastric, pancreatic, ovarian, breast, and lung cancer. Mucins have also been extensively studied with respect to colorectal cancer.

Four-Day Robotic Whipple: Early Discharge after Robotic Pancreatoduodenectomy.

Background: The authors aimed to assess the safety of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) and early discharge pathway in a robotic pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) program and compared outcomes with an open PD control cohort to identify the synergistic effects of robotic surgery and an ERAS pathway on lengths of stay (LOS).

Study Design: Consecutive patients undergoing open or robotic PD from a single surgeon between March 2020 and July 2022 were identified. Logistic regression models were used for adjusted analyses of postoperative outcomes.