Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for severe acquired aplastic anaemia using a fludarabine-based preparative regimen.

We reviewed our experience in the treatment of 13 patients with severe acquired aplastic anaemia, using a newly developed non-myeloablative regimen consisting of fludarabine (total dose 180 mg/m2), cyclophosphamide (total dose 120 mg/kg), and antithymocyte globulin (total dose 40 mg/kg). All except one patient received multiple transfusions and had failed prior immunosuppressive treatment. Twelve out of 13 patients achieved sustained engraftment.

[The descending cortical pathways of the frontal lobe to the nuclei of the hypothalamic mamillary bodies in human craniocerebral trauma].

Structural organization of conducting ways of the frontal lobe cortex to hypothalamic nuclei was studied in sections of brain from 5 patients who died in short terms after craniocerebral trauma and during the experiment in 5 macaque rhesus monkeys with unilateral destruction of different cortical fields of frontal area. Series of brain sections were processed using silver nitrate impregnation after Bielschowsky [correction of Bilshovsky] with counterstaining of nuclear structures after Kavamura with cresyl violet. The presence of direct corticohypothalamic ways from the cortex of the orbital surface of inferior (field 47 and its subfields) and superior (field 11) frontal gyri and frontal pole (field 10) to nuclei of mamillary complex and lateral hypothalamus was established.

Recovery of infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 after fusion of defectively infected clones of U-937 cells.

Polyethylene glycol was used to induce polykaryon formation among U-937 cell subclones carrying defective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 proviral DNA. Fusion of cells which produced gp120-defective virions (UHC15.7) with cells unable to generate reverse transcriptase (RT) activity (UHC8 and UHC18) yielded polykaryons which made infectious viral progeny that showed normal protein profiles.

High frequency of isolation of defective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and heterogeneity of viral gene expression in clones of infected U-937 cells.

Limiting-dilution techniques were employed to derive single-cell clones from U-937 cells that had been chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. All clones thus obtained were positive for the presence of viral antigens; however, not all of the clones produced infectious progeny virus, as detected by the presence of reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in culture fluids. Six of these clones were monitored over time to determine whether their phenotype of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression was stable.

[Open injuries of the brain from the anatomo-clinical aspect].

A combined clinico-pathological and experimental investigation of the open traumatic brain lesions was performed. Clinical investigation of 266 patients is presented along with pathological findings in 9 autopsied brains of victims of craniocerebral trauma which died at different terms after the injury. Experimentally investigated were 25 cats with brain lesioned at various sites.

[Descending pathways of the cerebral cortex to nuclear structures of the extrapyramidal system].

The connections of the neocortical structures in animal and human brains with the complex of nuclear formations of the extrapyramidal system have been studied. The authors present comparative characteristics and distribution of these connections in the nuclear and other formations of the extrapyramidal system. Both mediator (via the thalamus) and direct cortical projections toward the nuclei of the extrapyramidal system in primates, especially in humans, have been found to increase.

[Participation of subcortical formations in regulating motor asymmetry in the cat during elaboration of an instrumental active defensive reflex].

Parameters of motor asymmetry and the process of learning were studied in cats during elaboration of an active defensive reflex, following unilateral coagulation of various subcortical formations, predominantly of the extrapyramidal system. The changes of these parameters developed after the coagulation independently of each other. Lesion of the globus pallidus was attended, as a rule, with non-reversible changes of motor asymmetry and slight changes of the learning parameter.

[Hematopoiesis in rats with destroyed posterior hypothalamic nuclei using the absolute number of bone marrow cells as an index].

The effect of bilateral electrocoagulation of mammilary body nuclei on the total count of bone marrow cells was studied in experiments on rats. The destruction of hypothalamus posterior nuclei resulted in erythropoiesis inhibition. A decrease in the mitotic number and in the erythroid cell total count was accompanied by granulocytopoiesis stimulation.

[Organization of the connections of the putamen with the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus].

Connection between the putamen, the brain cortex and the hypothalamus, as well as the role of the former in different aspects of purposive behaviour have been studied in a complex morpho-physiological investigation. In 12 cats, after developing a symmetrical active-defensive conditioned reflex, unilateral electrolysis of the putamen has been performed and the number of conditioned-reflexive reactions have been counted before and after coagulation. The brains have been treated after Nauta--Gygax, Fink--Heimer with additional staining after Kawamura--Niimi.

[Connections between the globus pallidus and putamen and the hypothalamus and subthalamus].

In 16 adult cats with electrolytically destructed external and internal parts of the globus pallidus and in 8 cats with destructed putamen direct strio-pallido-hypothalamic and strio-pallido-subthalamic pathways have been studied. Degeneration of the axonal preterminals and terminals have been examined in preparations treated after Nauta--Gygax, Nauta--Laidlow, Finck--Heimer with simultaneous additional staining of the nuclei with cresyl violet after Kawamura--Niimi. Direct pallido- and putamen-hypothalamic pathways to nuclei of the grey tubercle, posterior and lateral nuclei of the hypothalamus were stated.