The Role of Sphingolipid Metabolism in Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer After Chemotherapy.

Background: The aim of our study was to determine the role of sphingolipids, which control proliferation and apoptosis, in the placenta of pregnant women with pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) after chemotherapy compared with healthy patients.

Methods: We analyzed (by the PCR method) the gene expression of key sphingolipid metabolism enzymes (sphingomyelinases (SMPD1 and SMPD3), acid ceramidase (ASAH1), ceramide synthases (CERS 1-6), sphingosine kinase1 (SPHK1), sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1 (SGPL1), and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PR1, S1PR2, and S1PR3)) and the content of subspecies of ceramides, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate in seven patients with PABC after chemotherapy and eight healthy pregnant women as a control group.

Results: We found a significant increase in the expression of genes of acid ceramidase (ASAH1), sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1 (SGPL1), sphingosine kinase (SPHK1), and ceramide synthases (CERS 1-3, 5, 6) in the samples of patients with PABC during their treatment with cytostatic chemotherapy.

Effectiveness of mebeverine in patients with post-cholecystectomy gastrointestinal spasm: results of prospective observational program "odyssey".

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of mebeverine 200 mg BID in patients with post-cholecystectomy gastrointestinal spasm not requiring surgical treatment.

Materials And Methods: 218 patients were included in 16 clinical centers in 14 cities in Russia. All patients had post-cholecystectomy gastrointestinal spasms, not requiring surgical treatment and received mebeverine (Duspatalin®) 200 mg BID.

Synthesis of 3,3,3-trifluoroethyl isocyanate, carbamate and ureas. Anticancer activity evaluation of -(3,3,3-trifluoroethyl)-'-substituted ureas.

A new method is described for producing 3,3,3-trifluoroethyl isocyanate from perfluoroisobutene (PFIB). Isocyanate was used for synthesis of carbamates and ureas. A series of trifluoroethyl-substituted ureas has been tested in the National Cancer Institute (NCI, Bethesda, USA) by the NCI-60 DTP Human Tumor Cell Line Screening Program at a single high dose (10 M).

Synthesis and anticancer activity evaluation of 3,4-mono- and bicyclosubstituted -(het)aryl trifluoromethyl succinimides.

Novel trifluoromethylated mono- and bicyclic succinimides derived from trifluoromethylmaleic anhydride were synthesized using cyclopentadiene or 2,3-dimethylbutadiene and (het)arylamines. The biological activity of these compounds was evaluated using prediction methods and experimental studies. This series of new trifluoromethyl succinimides ( and ) were tested by the National Cancer Institute (NCI, Bethesda, USA) by Program NCI-60 DTP Human Tumor Cell Line Screen at a single high dose (10 M).

[Pathogenetic approaches to treating constipations].

Constipation affects 15-25% of people. Its mechanisms are various. There are constipations due to intestinal dyskinesia (functional constipation, irritated bowel syndrome), slow transit (colonic inertia), and muscular apparatus discoordination ensuring defecation (dyssynergic defecation).

[Obesity and diseases of digestive organs].

Obesity is non-infectious pandemic. Its association with cardiovascular pathology is especially widely discussed, but an overweight patient is actually polymorbid. An increase of body mass provides a pathogenetic basis for many diseases including those of digestive system This review deals with pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, cholelithiasis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese patients.

[Treatment and prevention of erosive and ulcerative lesions in the stomach and duodenum caused by intake of non-steroidalanti-inflammatory drugs].

Therapy with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is a diffcult task. Good anti-inflammatory effect increases the risk of gastrointestinal complications with a frequency of 10-50%. The risk further increases with age (above 60-70 yr), the history of ulcer disease concomitant intake of acetylsalicylic acid, anticoagulants, and glucocorticosteroids.

[Food value of cichorium intybus].

Cichorium intybus is an herbaceous perennial, known as a coffee substitute. It possesses a wide range of healing characteristics particularly due to inulin, one of its components. Inulin is a natural polysaccharide, a polyfructosane containing 27-35 fructose residues in furanose form and glucose residue.

[Anemia and gastrointestinal tract diseases].

The paper considers the causes of iron- and cyanobalamin-deficiency anemias caused by gastrointestinal tract (GT) diseases, among which malabsorption along with loss of these nutrients through the GT is of great importance. The paper reflects the current views of the pathogenesis of deficiency anemias that develop in gluten-sensitive celiac disease and atrophic gastritis. Among the atrophic gastritides, there are two forms caused by autoimmune processes and long-term Helicobacter pylori persistence, whose treatment is an effective measure in refractory anemia.

[Antibiotic-associated diarrhea in clinical practice].

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is considered to mean at least 3 shapeless stool episodes within 2 or more consecutive days when using antibacterial agents. Due to the fact that antibiotics are used most commonly to treat many diseases, AAD is one of the topical problems for different clinical specialists. There has recently been increased interest in this condition due to its higher morbidity and mortality rates and the emergence of novel treatment-resistant virulent strains of Clostridium difficile 027 and 078/126.

[Caroli's disease: diagnostic problems and possibilities of treatment].

Caroli's disease is a rare congenital condition characterized by segmental non-obstructive fibrocystic dilation of intrahepatic bile ducts. Dilated ducts may be infected and contain stones. This review of the modern literature describes few known cases of the disease, analyses its clinical features and results of treatment.

[The role of imbalance of fatty acids in formation of endothelium dysfunction in women in menopause].

The article deals with the results of examination of 203 women in condition of natural (61 female patients) and surgical (142 female patients) post menopause. The rate of occurrence of impairment of functional state of endothelium made up to 67% (136 of examined female patients). The nitroxide-producing function of endothelium was decreased in all female patients, most of all in women with surgical menopause.

Synthesis, evaluation of anticancer activity and COMPARE analysis of N-bis(trifluoromethyl)alkyl-N'-substituted ureas with pharmacophoric moieties.

A series of new synthesized N-bis(trifluoromethyl)alkyl-N'-substituted ureas have been tested in the National Cancer Institute (NCI, Bethesda, USA) by Program NCI-60 DTP Human Tumor Cell Line Screen at a single high dose (10(-5) M). COMPARE analysis has been carried out for all tested compounds. The tested compounds showed antitumor activity against individual cell lines.

[Food allergy].

Food allergy (FA)--a condition of high sensitivity to food products--is widely spread allergic disease treated by allergologists, gastroenterologists, dermatologists, physicians, pulmonologists. FA pathogenesis involves immunological mechanisms with participation of immunocompetent cells and production of IgE and IgG. Treatment aims at elimination of causative antigen.

[Causes, complications and risk factors of severe influenza A (H1N1)].

Analysis of 35 deaths from A(H1N1) influenza virus infection in the Transbaikal region (autumn 2009) is reported. All the cases were under 60 years of age. Viral/bacterial pneumonia complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was the main cause of fatal outcomes.

Anticancer activity of N-bis(trifluoromethyl)alkyl-N'-(polychlorophenyl) and N'-(1,2,4-triazolyl) ureas.

A number of N-bis(trifluoromethyl)alkyl-N'-substituted ureas have been synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against the human cancer cell lines at the National Cancer Institute (NCI, USA). Marked activity was shown for compounds 4a and 5a. The most sensitive cell lines relative to the tested compounds were: 4a UO-31 (renal cancer, logGI(50) -5.

Synthesis and anticancer activity of N-bis(trifluoromethyl)alkyl-N'-thiazolyl and N-bis(trifluoromethyl)alkyl-N'-benzothiazolyl ureas.

A number of N-bis(trifluoromethyl)alkyl-N'-thiazolyl and -benzothiazolyl ureas have been synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activities against the human cancer cell lines at the National Cancer Institute (NCI, USA). The activity was shown for compounds 8a,c and 9a-c. The most sensitive cell lines relative to the tested compounds are: 8c PC-3 (prostate cancer, logGI(50) -7.

Effect of alkyl substituents on excited state intramolecular proton transfer dynamics of jet-cooled bis(benzoxazolyl)phenoles.

Structural factors affecting the dynamics of the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) are studied for alkyl derivatives of 2,5-bis(2-benzoxazolyl)phenol. Two fluorescence bands with equal decay times are observed in solution, while only one--emitted by the phototautomer--in supersonic jet. All evidence indicates the existence of a potential barrier in the S(1) state.

Chemistry, photophysics, and ultrafast kinetics of two structurally related Schiff bases containing the naphthalene or quinoline ring.

The two structurally related Schiff bases, 2-hydroxynaphthylidene-(8-aminoquinoline) (HNAQ) and 2-hydroxynaphthylidene-1(')-naphthylamine (HNAN), were studied by means of steady-state and time resolved optical spectroscopies as well as time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations. The first one, HNAQ, is stable as a keto tautomer in the ground state and in the excited state in solutions, therefore it was used as a model of a keto tautomer of HNAN which exists mainly in its enol form in the ground state at room temperature. Excited state intramolecular proton transfer in the HNAN molecule leads to a very weak (quantum yield of the order of 10(-4)) strongly Stokes-shifted fluorescence.

[Possible mechanisms of development of biliary diseases under the conditions of the Transbaikal region].

Eighty one patients with various biliary diseases and 36 apparently healthy individuals were examined. There were relatively elevated lipid peroxidation (LPO) products (E 232/220 and E 278/220) in biliary diskynesia and higher concentrations of LPO intermediate products in cholecystitis. In cholelithiasis, the levels of LPO products were lower than those in cholecystitis.

[The prediction of the probability of the development of myocardial infarct by genetic and phenotypic markers].

The study was made of marker distribution of 17 hereditary polymorphism systems in 493 patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and 422 healthy subjects. The prognostic system for determination of predisposition or resistance to MI development has been designed in accordance with marker occurrence in the patients and healthy subjects basing on Bayer's method. When the sum of the prognostic ratios of all the markers is +5 scores and more there is a high risk of MI, when this sum is -6 scores and less the resistance to its genesis is predicted.

[Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated at therapeutic institutions of Moscow].

Investigation of 108 P. aeruginosa strains isolated from various clinical material revealed that 54.63% of them belonged to serogroups 2, 5, 16, 18, 20 and 12.

[Evaluation of a system of multimicrotests for biochemical identification of enterobacteria (MMT E2) in a controlled epidemiological trial. 2].

Commercial system of multimicrotests for biochemical identification of enterobacteria MMT E2 and routine tube tests were compared in a controlled epidemiologic experiment with 205 enterobacterial strains. The system has been developed at the Allergen Research and Production Amalgamation. System MMT E2 fairly well met the requirements to diagnostic preparations of this kind; its results were compatible and well reproducible.

[Assessment of a multimicrotest system for biochemical identification of enterobacteria (MMT E1) in a controlled epidemiological experiment. I].

Comparative evaluation of a system of multimicrotests for biochemical identification of enterobacteria (MMT E1) developed at the ALLERGEN Research and Production Amalgamation and of tube tests for the same purpose in a controlled epidemiologic experiment has shown that the suggested system meets the requirements to such diagnostic preparations by all the major qualitative parameters (compatibility and reproducibility of the test results). Practical use of MMT E1 system will simplify and facilitate the process of enterobacteria identification.

[Serotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated in obstetric institutions in Azerbaijan].

Examinations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from clinical material from newborns and puerperae and from the environmental objects (washings off, water) have shown that 45.45% of these strains belonged to serotype 04, 24.55% to serotype 02, and 16.