Serum amyloid A1 is upregulated in human glioblastoma.

Serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) is a sensitive acute phase reactant primarily produced by the liver in response to acute inflammation. We have recently shown that SAA affects proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioblastoma cell lines, which suggest its participation in the malignant process. Consistently, levels of SAA have been used as a non-invasive biomarker for the prognosis of many cancers.

Tryptamine and dimethyltryptamine inhibit indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase and increase the tumor-reactive effect of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-induced tryptophan-degrading enzyme, producing kynurenine (KYN) that participates in the mechanism of tumor immune tolerance. Thus, IDO inhibition has been considered a strategy for anticancer therapy. The aim of this study was to identify whether the metabolites originated from the competitive routes of tryptophan metabolism, such as the serotonergic or N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) pathways, have inhibitory effects on recombinant human IDO (rhIDO) activity.

Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (E-NPP) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities in prostate cancer patients: influence of Gleason score, treatment and bone metastasis.

The relation between adenine nucleotides and cancer has already been described in literature. Considering that the enzymes ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (E-NPP) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) act together to control nucleotide levels, we aimed to investigate the role of these enzymes in prostate cancer (PCa). E-NPP and ADA activities were determined in serum and platelets of PCa patients and controls.

Aqueous seed extract of Syzygium cumini inhibits the dipeptidyl peptidase IV and adenosine deaminase activities, but it does not change the CD26 expression in lymphocytes in vitro.

Syzygium cumini (Sc) have been intensively studied in the last years due its beneficial effects including anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory potential. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous seed extract of Sc (ASc) in the activity of enzymes involved in lymphocyte functions. To perform this study, we isolated lymphocytes from healthy donors.

Erythrocytic enzymes and antioxidant status in people with type 2 diabetes: beneficial effect of Syzygium cumini leaf extract in vitro.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Syzygium cumini leaf extract (ASc), on Adenosine deaminase (ADA) and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, and also on oxidative stress parameters in erythrocytes hemolysates (RBCs) and erythrocytes membranes (ghosts) from type 2 diabetics patients (Type 2 DM) under in vitro conditions. Non protein thiol groups (NP-SH), AChE, Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activities were measure in RBCs. Further, ADA activity, Thiobarbituric Acid-Reactive Substances (TBARS) levels and protein thiol groups (P-SH) were estimated in ghosts.

Expression of CD26 and its association with dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity in lymphocytes of type 2 diabetes patients.

Immune response and inflammation were suggested to play certain roles in the development and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The main objective of this study was to investigate the CD26 expression and its relationship with adenosine deaminase (ADA), dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG) activities in lymphocytes of type 2 diabetics (T2DM) patients. These parameters were assessed in 25 T2DM patients and 20 control subjects.

Diphenyl diselenide potentiates nephrotoxicity induced by mercuric chloride in mice.

Following our long-standing interest in the mechanisms involved in selenium toxicity, the aim of this work was to extend our previous studies to gain a better understanding of mercuric chloride (HgCl₂) + diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)₂ toxicity. Mice received one daily dose of HgCl₂ (4.6 mg kg(-1) , subcutaneously) for three consecutive days.

Methylmercury-induced changes in target organs of suckling rat pups.

Methylmercury (MeHg) is an organic form of mercury with toxic effects in multiple organs. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the in vivo effects of MeHg (1 and 4 mg/kg) given orally for seven consecutive days on adenosine deaminase (ADA), n-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and ecto-nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase (NTPDase) activities, and on lipid peroxidation in hippocampus, cerebral cortex, kidney and liver of suckling rat pups. The results showed that NAG activity and lipid peroxidation levels increased in the kidney in both treatments, whereas urinary NAG activity increased only in the 1 mg/kg treatment.

An in vitro comparison of a new vinyl chalcogenide and sodium selenate on adenosine deaminase activity of human leukocytes.

Selenium (Se) is a dietary essential trace element with important biological roles. Sodium selenate (Na(2)SeO(4)) is an inorganic Se compound used in human and animal nutrition that acts as precursor for selenoprotein synthesis. The organoselenium 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-(phenylseleno)oct-2-en-1-one (C(21)H(2)HOSe) is an α,β-unsaturated ketone functionalized vinyl chalcogenide that has been found as a potential tool in organic synthesis.

Syzygium cumini extract decrease adenosine deaminase, 5'nucleotidase activities and oxidative damage in platelets of diabetic patients.

Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder, has assumed epidemic proportions and its long-term complications can have devastating consequences. The oxidative stress in diabetes was greatly increased due to prolonged exposure to hyperglycemia and impairment of oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium. Syzygium cumini is being widely used to treat diabetes by the traditional practitioners over many centuries.

Activity of the enzyme adenosine deaminase in serum, erythrocytes and lymphocytes of rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi.

In Trypanosoma evansi infections changes in the haemogram are commonly observed, and the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) plays an important role in the production and differentiation of blood cells. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of ADA in serum, erythrocytes and lymphocytes of rats infected with T. evansi compared to non-infected rats.

Trypanosoma evansi: adenosine deaminase activity in the brain of infected rats.

The study was undertaken to evaluate changes in the activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in brains of rats infected by Trypanosoma evansi. Each rat was intraperitoneally infected with 10(6) trypomastigotes either suspended in fresh (group A; n = 13) and cryopreserved blood (group B; n = 13). Thirteen animals were used as control (group C).

The activity and expression of NTPDase is altered in lymphocytes of multiple sclerosis patients.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating neurological disease, which is presumed to be a consequence of infiltrating lymphocytes that are autoreactive to myelin proteins. ATP and adenosine contribute to fine-tuning immune responses and NTPDase (CD39) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) are important enzymes in the control of the extracellular levels of these molecules at the site of inflammation. We evaluated the activity and expression of NTPDase and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in lymphocytes from patients with the relapsing-remitting form of MS (RRMS).

Comparative evaluation of adenosine deaminase activity in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of young and adult rats: effect of garlic extract (Allium sativum L.) on their susceptibility to heavy metal exposure.

Adenosine plays an important neuromodulatory role in the central nervous system, and adenosine deaminase is an important enzyme in the degradation of adenine nucleotides. Methylmercury is the most prevalent form of mercury found in the environment. Methylmercury neurotoxicity has been correlated to the production of reactive oxygen species.

Validation of UV spectrophotometric and nonaqueous titration methods for the determination of carvedilol in pharmaceutical formulations.

Ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometric and nonaqueous volumetric methods are described for the determination of carvedilol in pharmaceutical formulations. Linearity, precision, and accuracy were evaluated according to the validation guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization and the United States Pharmacopeia for both methods. The UV spectrophotometric procedure was performed in ethanol at 244 nm.