Macrolactin A Is an Inhibitor of Protein Biosynthesis in Bacteria.

Macrolactin A (McA) is a secondary metabolite produced by Bacillus species. It has been known for its antimicrobial properties since the late 1980s, although the exact mechanism of its antibacterial activity remains unknown. In this study, we have found that McA is an inhibitor of protein synthesis in bacteria.

Keratins 6, 16, and 17 in Health and Disease: A Summary of Recent Findings.

Keratins 6, 16, and 17 occupy unique positions within the keratin family. These proteins are not commonly found in the healthy, intact epidermis, but their expression increases in response to damage, inflammation, and hereditary skin conditions, as well as cancerous cell transformations and tumor growth. As a result, there is an active investigation into the potential use of these proteins as biomarkers for different pathologies.

Loss of mutant p53 in HaCaT keratinocytes promotes cadmium-induced keratin 17 expression and cell death.

Background: Cadmium exposure induces dermatotoxicity and epidermal barrier disruption and leads to the development of various pathologies. HaCaT cells are immortalized human keratinocytes that are widely used as alternatives to primary human keratinocytes, particularly for evaluating cadmium toxicity. HaCaT cells bear two gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in the TP53 gene, which strongly affect p53 function.

Exploring the Functions of Mutant p53 through Knockout in HaCaT Keratinocytes.

Approximately 50% of tumors carry mutations in ; thus, evaluation of the features of mutant p53 is crucial to understanding the mechanisms underlying cell transformation and tumor progression. HaCaT keratinocytes represent a valuable model for research in this area since they are considered normal, although they bear two gain-of-function mutations in . In the present study, transcriptomic and proteomic profiling were employed to examine the functions of mutant p53 and to investigate the impact of its complete abolishment.

Evaluation of Cd-induced cytotoxicity in primary human keratinocytes.

An increasing number of studies have investigated the effects of Cd on human health. Cd-induced dermatotoxicity is an important field of research, but numerous studies have focused on the effects of Cd on the human skin. Moreover, most studies have been performed using HaCaT cells but not primary keratinocytes.

The effect of TLR3 priming conditions on MSC immunosuppressive properties.

Background: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, making them suitable for cell therapy. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in MSCs respond to viral load by secreting immunosuppressive or proinflammatory molecules. The expression of anti-inflammatory molecules in MSCs can be altered by the concentration and duration of exposure to the TLR3 ligand polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)).

Comparative proteoinformatics revealed the essentials of SDS impact on HaCaT keratinocytes.

There is no direct evidence supporting that SDS is a carcinogen, so to investigate this fact, we used HaCaT keratinocytes as a model of human epidermal cells. To reveal the candidate proteins and/or pathways characterizing the SDS impact on HaCaT, we proposed comparative proteoinformatics pipeline. For protein extraction, the performance of two sample preparation protocols was assessed: 0.

Impact of p53 knockdown on protein dataset of HaCaT cells.

The HaCaT line of immortalized non-tumor cells is a popular model of keratinocytes used for dermatological studies, in the practice of toxicological tests, and in the study of skin allergic reactions. These cells maintain a stable keratinocyte phenotype, do not require specific growth factors during cultivation, and respond to keratinocyte differentiation stimuli. HaCaT cells bear two mutant p53 alleles - R282Q and H179Y.

Proteome Profiling of PMJ2-R and Primary Peritoneal Macrophages.

In vitro models are often used for studying macrophage functions, including the process of phagocytosis. The application of primary macrophages has limitations associated with the individual characteristics of animals, which can lead to insufficient standardization and higher variability of the obtained results. Immortalized cell lines do not have these disadvantages, but their responses to various signals can differ from those of the living organism.

Activation of TLR4 of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhances the Regenerative Properties of Their Secretomes.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), like macrophages, can be polarized in vitro. In particular, activation of type 4 Toll-like receptor in MSC leads to the appearance of the so-called "proinflammatory" MSC phenotype (MSC1). We showed that secretome (conditioned media) of MSC1 can affect the wound healing processes: promote healing and modulate exudative inflammation and subsequent fibroplastic processes in the damaged area.

Phenotypic Features of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Subpopulations Obtained under the Influence of Various Toll-Like Receptors Ligands.

The paper characterizes phenotypic features of subpopulations of human adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) resulting from exposure to Toll-like receptors ligands. MSC1 and MSC2 phenotypes were induced by exposure to LPS and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, respectively. Different exposures to Toll-like receptors ligands, short-term (3 h) and long-term (24 h), were studied.

Protein dataset of immortalized keratinocyte HaCaT cells and normal human keratinocytes.

Learning of the molecular mechanisms of the pathological processes development in the normal human keratinocytes (NHK) are difficult. Immortalized keratinocytes HaCaT are often used as an analogue of NHK since they have a number of advantages over the latter - they do not require the presence of growth and differentiation factors in the medium, have unlimited potential for proliferation, demonstrate stable phenotype regardless of the number of passages [1]. Taking into account the properties and characteristics of the HaCaT line, these cells can be considered as a promising experimental model for research of various physiological processes occurring in human keratinocytes.

[Comparative study of the human keratinocytes proteome of the HaCaT line: identification of proteins encoded by genes of 18 chromosomes under the influence of detergents].

Using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, a comparative analysis of the HaCaT keratinocyte proteins encoded by the 18th chromosome was performed before and after exposure to sodium dodecyl sulfate (25 mg/ml) and to Triton X-100 (12.5 mg/ml) in a subtoxic dose for 48 hours. Proteins were identified using the SearchGUI platform (X!Tandem and MS-GF+ search engines).

Proteome dataset of mouse macrophage cell line infected with tick-borne encephalitis virus.

We report the proteomic datasets on the mouse macrophage cell line PMJ2R infected with tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) for two and six days. Data were acquired using shotgun ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. Peptide identifications were done using the Mascot version 2.

A Cell Model of Human Small Intestinal Wall Based on Genetically Modified Caco-2 Cells.

We propose a cell model of the human small intestinal wall based on genetically modified Caco-2 cells that allows visualization and quantitative assessment of activation of NF-κB factor and related intracellular pathway by using fluorescence microscopy. A dose-dependent increase in fluorescence intensity of the obtained cells in response to TNFα exposure in concentrations of 1-100 ng/ml was demonstrated. It was found that this parameter correlates with a decrease in the transepithelial resistance of the cell monolayer in response to TNFα and can be used to assess the toxic effects of substances on epithelial cells of the human small intestine.

[Quality control study of engineered skin tissue].

OMERO service was used to annotate the cell line HaCaT microscope images by two independent expert groups. The images were obtained in the course of developing tissue-engineered epithelium which consisted of several layers of the keratinocytes. Evaluation of expert opinions was performed by calculation of specificity, sensitivity and accuracy.

[Proteome of the human HaCaT keratinocytes: Identification of the oxidative stress proteins after sodium dodecyl sulpfate exposur].

Oxidative stress is a universal response of the skin cell damage of various origins. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, sodium lauryl sulfate) is an anionic surfactant commonly used as an emulsifying detergent in household cleaners. Sodium dodecyl sulfate is the reference compound for testing toxicity on cellular skin models.

[Proteomic profiling of HaCaT keratinocytes exposed to skin damaging detergents].

The effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate (25 mg/ml) and Triton X-100 (12.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml) on the HaCaT immortalized keratinocytes exposed to these surfactants for 48 h were studied. Using shotgun proteomics, a comparative analysis of the proteomic profiles of control and experimental cells after surfactants exposure was carried out.

Changes in the Proteome of HaCaT Keratinocytes Induced by Cytotoxic Substance Triton X-100.

Changes in the proteome of keratinocytes of immortalized HaCaT line exposed to cytotoxic substance Triton X-100 in concentrations of 12.5 and 25 μg/ml were studied by liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. The appearance of proteins involved in the regulation of mitosis, RNA stability, and catabolic processes were detected; the number of apoptosis-associated proteins increased, while the number of proteins involved in differentiation and energy metabolism of keratinocytes decreased.

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Cytotoxicity towards HaCaT Keratinocytes: Comparative Analysis of Methods for Evaluation of Cell Viability.

Viability of keratinocytes of HaCaT immortalized line incubated with sodium dodecyl sulfate for 3 min, 1 and 48 h, was studied by light microscopy, MTT test, and neutral red absorption test. The IC values were determined for each of the studied lengths of exposure. HaCaT cells exhibited a dose-dependent decrease of viability under the effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate, proportional to the length of exposure.

Role of Microfluidics in Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Cell Culture Modeling: Relevance to CNS Disorders.

In vitro modeling of the human blood-brain barrier (BBB) is critical for pre-clinical evaluation and predicting the permeability of newly developed potentially neurotoxic and neurotrophic drugs. Here we summarize the specific structural and functional features of endothelial cells as a key component of the BBB and compare analysis of different cell culture models in reflecting these features. Particular attention is paid to cellular models of the BBB in microfluidic devices capable of circulating nutrient media to simulate the blood flow of the brain.

Effects of cadmium chloride on the functional state of human intestinal cells.

Toxic effects of cadmium chloride in concentration range from 1 to 300 μM on differentiated human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells after three hours of exposure were investigated. Processes of disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton associated with the toxic effects of cadmium were characterized by fluorescent microscopy. The cadmium-induced activation of cellular stress response processes (changes in the mRNA expression of caspase-3, heat-shock and oxidative stress genes) has been demonstrated.

[Oxidised dextrans influence on reactive oxygen species generation by murine peritoneal exudate phagocytic cells].

The effects of oxidized dextrans of different molecular weight on reactive oxygen species production and transmembrane mitochondrial potential of macrophages and neutrophils have been studied in vivo and in vitro. Oxidised dextrans demonstrated moderate direct antioxidant ability but induced intracellular oxidative stress through the increase of oxygen radical generation. This effect of the investigated compounds amplifies the cytotoxic and bactericidal potential of phagocytes and can influence isoniazid metabolism, thus increasing its efficiency in therapy of infectious diseases.

Effect of oxidized dextran on reparative regeneration of the skin after burn injury.

In adult Wistar rats, a 3B degree skin burn was modeled and treated by daily application of 5% aqueous solution of oxidized dextran (molecular weight of 60 kDa) on the wound surface. In animals treated with oxidized dextran, neutrophil count in the connective tissue adjacent to the wound increased by day 5 and then decreased by day 21 after burn infliction; proliferation of fibroblasts was observed later than in untreated animals, in whom inflammation run a subacute course. Oxidized dextran increased the content of macrophages in the wound and surrounding connective tissue from days 14 to 21 after burn infliction and promoted effective and complete healing of the skin defect.