Phosphoproteomics implicates glutamatergic and dopaminergic signalling in the antidepressant-like properties of the iron chelator deferiprone.

Background: Current antidepressants have limitations due to insufficient efficacy and delay before improvement in symptoms. Polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene have been linked to depression (when combined with stressful life events) and altered response to selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors. We have previously revealed the antidepressant-like properties of the iron chelator deferiprone in the 5-HTT knock-out (KO) mouse model of depression.

Applications and Perspectives of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and "Dentronics" in Dentistry: A Literature Review.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe artificial intelligence, machine learning, and "Dentronics" applications and perspectives in dentistry.

Materials And Methods: A literature review was carried out to identify the applications of artificial intelligence in the field of dentistry. A specialized search for information was carried out in three databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science.

Perturbed iron biology in the prefrontal cortex of people with schizophrenia.

Despite loss of grey matter volume and emergence of distinct cognitive deficits in young adults diagnosed with schizophrenia, current treatments for schizophrenia do not target disruptions in late maturational reshaping of the prefrontal cortex. Iron, the most abundant transition metal in the brain, is essential to brain development and function, but in excess, it can impair major neurotransmission systems and lead to lipid peroxidation, neuroinflammation and accelerated aging. However, analysis of cortical iron biology in schizophrenia has not been reported in modern literature.

In Vivo 7-Tesla MRI Investigation of Brain Iron and Its Metabolic Correlates in Chronic Schizophrenia.

Brain iron is central to dopaminergic neurotransmission, a key component in schizophrenia pathology. Iron can also generate oxidative stress, which is one proposed mechanism for gray matter volume reduction in schizophrenia. The role of brain iron in schizophrenia and its potential link to oxidative stress has not been previously examined.

Bibliometric Study of the National Scientific Production of All Peruvian Schools of Dentistry in Scopus.

Objective: To perform a bibliometric analysis of the national scholarly output of all dental schools in Peru in Scopus through a retrospective study after the promulgation of the Peruvian University Law 30220 in 2014.

Methods: This was a descriptive, comparative, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. A search of the Scopus database was performed to identify scholarly output in dentistry between 2014 and 2019.

Management of Peri-implant Mucositis of Multiple Osseointegrated Implants Using a Modified Free Gingival Graft "Punch Technique" in the Total Edentulous Area: A Case Report.

The purpose of this case report was to describe a technique to modify the free gingival graft by perforations within the graft to guarantee a horizontal increase in the keratinized mucosa in the anteroinferior sector of a total edentulous mandible after osseointegration of previously placed dental implants in a hybrid prosthesis protocol. A 71-year-old male underwent free modified gingival graft surgery with perforations at the level of each implant. At 3 months, the mucosa appeared to be healthy and keratinized, especially at a horizontal level around the implants previously diagnosed with mucositis, providing the patient with satisfactory results.

Evaluation of Hydrogen Peroxide and Cetylpyridinium Chloride as Bacterial Decontaminants of Dental Unit Water Lines at a Private Peruvian Dental School.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hydrogen peroxide and cetylpyridinium chloride as bacterial decontaminants of dental unit water lines at a private Peruvian dental school.

Materials And Methods: Water samples were obtained from 66 dental units of a University Dental Clinic before decontamination treatment and at days 3 and 7 thereafter. The biofilm treatments were applied equitably among the two treatment groups ( = 22) and one negative control (distilled water).

Proposal for a provisional protocol for the care and identification of dental transmission routes of COVID-19 in Latin America: A Literature review.

Background: The new coronavirus called COVID-19 originated in the city of Wuhan, China and has currently spread to different continents, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a "pandemic". Therefore, the aim of this review was to present a new proposal for a care protocol in Peruvian Dentistry: Provisional review of the diagnosis, treatment, epidemiological characteristics, routes of transmission and recommendations of COVID-19.

Material And Methods: A search of digital scientific literature was made in the databases: Science Direct, Pubmed and Google Scholar.

Management of Postsurgical Complication in Multiple Implant-Infected Postextraction Sites in the Lower Arch.

Currently, dental implants are a very frequent therapeutic alternative for replacing missing teeth. However, they are not exempt from developing complications of infectious origin. Therefore, this case report describes a 67-year-old female patient presenting infectious complications caused by suture rupture.

Knowledge and Awareness of Effective Recycling of Dental Materials and Waste Management among Peruvian Undergraduate Students of Dentistry: A Logistic Regression Analysis.

Objective: Biomedical waste management and recycling is a very important topic today to preserve the environment, especially at the university level where future specialists in the health sciences are trained. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and awareness about recycling of dental materials and waste management among Peruvian undergraduate students of dentistry.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 254 Peruvian undergraduate dentistry students from October 2019 to January 2020, at the National University of San Marcos.

The ubiquitin proteasome system and schizophrenia.

The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a master regulator of neural development and the maintenance of brain structure and function. It influences neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and neurotransmission by determining the localisation, interaction, and turnover of scaffolding, presynaptic, and postsynaptic proteins. Moreover, ubiquitin-proteasome system signalling transduces epigenetic changes in neurons independently of protein degradation and, as such, dysfunction of components and substrates of this system has been linked to a broad range of brain conditions.

Blood and brain protein levels of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2K (UBE2K) are elevated in individuals with schizophrenia.

A number of recent studies have suggested the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) in schizophrenia is dysfunctional. The purpose of this study was to investigate UBE2K, a ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) enzyme within the UPS that has been associated with psychosis symptom severity, in the blood and brain of individuals with schizophrenia. Whole blood and erythrocytes from 128 (71 treatment-resistant schizophrenia, 57 healthy controls) individuals as well as frozen dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) post-mortem samples from 74 (37 schizophrenia, 37 controls) individuals were obtained.

Elevated ubiquitinated proteins in brain and blood of individuals with schizophrenia.

Dysregulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) has been linked to schizophrenia but it is not clear if this dysregulation is detectable in both brain and blood. We examined free mono-ubiquitin, ubiquitinated proteins, catalytic ubiquitination, and proteasome activities in frozen postmortem OFC tissue from 76 (38 schizophrenia, 38 control) matched individuals, as well as erythrocytes from 181 living participants, who comprised 30 individuals with recent onset schizophrenia (mean illness duration = 1 year), 63 individuals with 'treatment-resistant' schizophrenia (mean illness duration = 17 years), and 88 age-matched participants without major psychiatric illness. Ubiquitinated protein levels were elevated in postmortem OFC in schizophrenia compared to controls (p = <0.

Copper-uptake is critical for the down regulation of synapsin and dynamin induced by neocuproine: modulation of synaptic activity in hippocampal neurons.

Extracellular and intracellular copper and zinc regulate synaptic activity and plasticity, which may impact brain functionality and human behavior. We have found that a metal coordinating molecule, Neocuproine, transiently increases free intracellular copper and zinc levels (i.e.

Biphasic effects of copper on neurotransmission in rat hippocampal neurons.

The importance of copper in the CNS is well documented, but the mechanisms related to its brain functions are poorly understood. Copper is released at the synaptic cleft, where it may modulate neurotransmission. To understand the functional impact of copper on the neuronal network, we have analyzed the synaptic activity of primary rat hippocampal neurons by using different approaches including whole cell patch clamp, recording of calcium transients, immunofluorescence and western blot.

Actinic cheilitis: epithelial expression of COX-2 and its association with mast cell tryptase and PAR-2.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is overexpressed in various types of human malignancies, including oral cancers. Recent studies have shown that mast cell-derived protease tryptase can induce COX-2 expression by the cleavage of proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2). Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a premalignant form of lip cancer characterized by an increased density of tryptase-positive mast cells.

The influence of mast cell mediators on migration of SW756 cervical carcinoma cells.

The role of mast cell mediators on cervical cancer cell migration was assessed using an in vitro assay of scratch wound healing onto monolayers of HPV18-positive cervical carcinoma cells (SW756). Migration of SW756 cells was accelerated by co-culture with the mast cell line LAD2. This effect was inhibited by the H1R antagonist pyrilamine and the cannabinoid agonists 2-arachidonylglycerol (2AG) and Win 55,212-2.

Cold stress induces metabolic activation of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone-synthesising neurones in the magnocellular division of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and concomitantly changes ovarian sympathetic activity parameters.

Recent studies suggest thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) serves as a neurotransmitter and thereby provides a functional vegetative connection between the brain and the ovary. In the present study, magnocellular neurones of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in animals subjected to cold exposure were studied to determine the hypothalamic origin of the TRH involved in this pathway. In situ hybridisation analysis of hypothalamic tissue showed that cold exposure causes a two-fold increase in the total number of neurones expressing TRH mRNA in the PVN.

Radioiodinated clioquinol as a biomarker for beta-amyloid: Zn complexes in Alzheimer's disease.

Neocortical beta-amyloid (Abeta) aggregates in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are enriched in transition metals that mediate assembly. Clioquinol (CQ) targets metal interaction with Abeta and inhibits amyloid pathology in transgenic mice. Here, we investigated the binding properties of radioiodinated CQ ([(125)I]CQ) to different in vitro and in vivo Alzheimer models.

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone as a mediator of the central autonomic pathway controlling ovarian function.

We studied the effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) applied centrally on the sympathetic activity of the ovary in female rats. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.

Changes in sympathetic nerve activity of the mammalian ovary during a normal estrous cycle and in polycystic ovary syndrome: Studies on norepinephrine release.

Although it has been known for many years that the ovary is innervated by catecholaminergic nerve fibers and much experimental evidence has strengthened the notion that catecholamines are physiologically involved in the control of ovarian function, scarce evidence has been presented as to the role of sympathetic activity in ovarian pathologies that affect reproductive function. The purpose of this article is to provide a succinct overview of the findings in this area and discuss them relative to the pathology of polycystic ovary syndrome, the most common ovarian pathology in women during their reproductive years.

Release of norepinephrine from human ovary: coupling to steroidogenic response.

We investigated the possibility that norepinephrine from the human ovary is released after nerve stimulation and that this neurotransmitter is coupled to a steroidogenic response. Biologically significant levels of both norepinephrine and dopamine were found in human ovarian biopsies. [3H]norepinephrine incorporated in vitro was readily released by electrical stimulation in a Ca2+-dependent process.

Toxic effects of acetylcholinesterase on neuronal and glial-like cells in vitro.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, has been implicated in non-cholinergic actions which may play a role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. To study the potential cytotoxicity of brain AChE, the effects of affinity purified AChE were analyzed on neuronal (Neuro 2a) and glial-like (B12) cells. LDH release and MTT reduction assays showed that AChE was toxic; the toxicity was dependent on the enzyme concentration, time of incubation and cellular density.

Responses induced by tacrine in neuronal and non-neuronal cell lines.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with a reduction in cholinergic activity as a result of specific neuronal loss. Current potential treatments for the disease include both cholinomimetic drugs and anticholinesterase inhibitors. One of the drugs approved by the FDA is tacrine (9-amine-1,2,3,4 tetrahydroacridine; THA), a strong acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor.

Liver copper storage and transport during development: implications for cytotoxicity.

Copper is an essential trace element for many biological processes. Its functions range from influencing specific gene expression to serving as a cofactor or prosthetic group for several enzymes. Intakes of copper at doses that exceed physiologic demands are normally met with efficient homeostatic mechanisms.