Sustainment and adaptation of systems navigation and psychosocial counseling across HIV testing clinics in Vietnam: A qualitative assessment.

Background: Few evidence-based interventions have been successfully scaled up and sustained long-term. Within an implementation trial testing strategies for scale-up of the Systems Navigation and Psychosocial Counseling (SNaP) intervention for people who inject drugs (PWID) with HIV across HIV testing clinics in Vietnam, we sought to assess if the implementation of SNaP was sustained after study support ended and to identify factors, including adaptations, that affected SNaP sustainment.

Method: Across all 42 SNaP clinics, we surveyed clinic staff at 6-10 months post-study completion to assess SNaP sustainment.

Non-Classical Swine Leukocyte Antigens SLA-6, -7, and -8, Are Xenoantigens for Some Waitlisted Patients.

Attack of donor tissues by pre-formed anti-pig antibodies is well known to cause graft failure in xenotransplantation. Genetic engineering of porcine donors to eliminate targets of these pre-formed antibodies coupled with advances in immunosuppressive medicines have now made it possible to achieve extended survival in the pre-clinical pig-to-non-human primate model. Despite these improvements, antibodies remain a risk over the lifetime of the transplant, and many patients continue to have pre-formed donor-specific antibodies even to highly engineered pigs.

Late graft failure of pig-to-rhesus renal xenografts has features of glomerulopathy and recipients have anti-swine leukocyte antigen class I and class II antibodies.

Prolonged survival in preclinical renal xenotransplantation demonstrates that early antibody mediated rejection (AMR) can be overcome. It is now critical to evaluate and understand the pathobiology of late graft failure and devise new means to improve post xenograft outcomes. In renal allotransplantation the most common cause of late renal graft failure is transplant glomerulopathy-largely due to anti-donor MHC antibodies, particularly anti-HLA DQ antibodies.

Xenoreactive antibodies in α-granules of human platelets bind pig liver endothelial cells.

Pig liver xenotransplantation is limited by a thrombocytopenic coagulopathy that occurs immediately following graft reperfusion. In vitro and ex vivo studies from our lab suggested that the thrombocytopenia may be the result of a species incompatibility in platelet glycosylation. Realization that platelet α-granules contain antibodies caused us to reevaluate whether the thrombocytopenia in liver xenotransplantation could occur because IgM and IgG from inside platelet α-granules bound to pig liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs).

State Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Policies and Substance Use Rates.

Introduction: Food insecurity is associated with the development of substance misuse and use disorders (SUD). This study sought to estimate associations between state Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) eligibility policies and substance-related outcomes.

Methods: 2014-2017 SNAP Policy Database and 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health state-level estimates were used to estimate associations between state SNAP eligibility policies and alcohol use disorder (AUD), opioid misuse, illicit drug use disorder (IDUD), SUD, and needing but not receiving SUD treatment.

State expansion of supplemental nutrition assistance program eligibility and rates of interpersonal violence.

Introduction: Food insecurity is associated with an increased likelihood of interpersonal violence. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is the largest program addressing food insecurity in the U.S.

Patients on the Transplant Waiting List Have Anti-Swine Leukocyte Antigen Class I Antibodies.

Organ supply remains inadequate to meet the needs of many patients who could benefit from allotransplantation. Xenotransplantation, the use of animals as organ donors, provides an opportunity to alleviate this challenge. Pigs are widely accepted as the ideal organ donor, but humans and nonhuman primates have strong humoral immune responses to porcine tissue.

Web-Based Delivery of a Family-Based Dating Violence Prevention Program for Youth Who Have Been Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence: Protocol for an Acceptability and Feasibility Study.

Background: Children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) between caregivers are at an increased risk of becoming involved in dating violence during adolescence. However, to date, few adolescent dating violence (ADV) prevention programs have been developed for and evaluated with youth exposed to IPV. An exception is Moms and Teens for Safe Dates (MTSD), an evidence-based ADV prevention program for mothers or maternal caregivers (mothers) exposed to IPV and their teenagers.

Effects of Early Social Bonds on Adolescent Trajectories of Sexual Risk Behaviors Among South African Girls.

The goal of this manuscript is to advance HIV risk behavior prevention efforts for South African adolescent girls by identifying distinct trajectory patterns across multiple behavioral domains for adolescent and young adults. We draw from a sample of N = 1070 adolescent girls from South Africa who were between the ages of 13-15 at baseline. Participants were followed across 6 waves of data collection between 2011 and 2019.

Anti-C5 Antibody Tesidolumab Reduces Early Antibody-mediated Rejection and Prolongs Survival in Renal Xenotransplantation.

Objective: Pig-to-primate renal xenotransplantation is plagued by early antibody-mediated graft loss which precludes clinical application of renal xenotransplantation. We evaluated whether temporary complement inhibition with anti-C5 antibody Tesidolumab could minimize the impact of early antibody-mediated rejection in rhesus monkeys receiving pig kidneys receiving costimulatory blockade-based immunosuppression.

Methods: Double (Gal and Sda) and triple xenoantigen (Gal, Sda, and SLA I) pigs were created using CRISPR/Cas.

Evaluating the effects of two alcohol reduction counseling interventions on intimate partner violence perpetration: secondary analysis of a three-arm randomized controlled trial among Vietnamese men with HIV.

Background And Aims: Evidence suggests that alcohol reduction interventions decrease intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, although this remains untested in low- and middle-income countries and among men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study evaluates the effectiveness of alcohol reduction counseling interventions on IPV perpetration among men on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and tests whether alcohol use explains the intervention effects.

Design: Secondary analysis of data from a three-arm randomized controlled trial among ART patients with hazardous alcohol use.

Alcohol use, depressive symptoms, and intimate partner violence perpetration: A longitudinal analysis among men with HIV in northern Vietnam.

Background: While the link between alcohol use and male-perpetrated intimate partner violence (IPV) has been well-established, research is needed to test whether psychosocial factors interact with alcohol use to exacerbate IPV perpetration. We tested whether depressive symptoms influenced the strength and/or direction of the alcohol-IPV relationship among men with HIV in Vietnam.

Methods: This study is a secondary analysis using data from a randomized controlled trial conducted in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam.

A noncanonical GATA transcription factor of Entamoeba histolytica modulates genes involved in phagocytosis.

In this paper, we explored the presence of GATA in Entamoeba histolytica and their function as regulators of phagocytosis-related genes. Bioinformatics analyses evidenced a single 579 bp sequence encoding for a protein (EhGATA), smaller than GATA factors of other organisms. EhGATA appeared phylogenetically close to Dictyostelium discoideum and Schistosoma mansoni GATA proteins.

Examining Why Age-Disparate Relationships Influence Unsafe Sex Postpartum Among South African Women: Relationship Control and Physical Partner Violence as Explanatory Mechanisms.

HIV incidence rates in South Africa are extremely high, particularly postpartum. However, there is limited knowledge of women's HIV risk behavior postpartum. Women in age-disparate relationships may be less able to negotiate safe sex postpartum than women whose partners are similar ages because they have less relationship power.

Longitudinal analysis of alcohol use and intimate partner violence perpetration among men with HIV in northern Vietnam.

Background: Alcohol use is a known risk factor for male-perpetrated intimate partner violence (IPV), although few studies have been conducted globally and among men with HIV (MWH). We estimated the longitudinal effects of alcohol use on IPV perpetration among MWH.

Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of randomized controlled trial data among male and female antiretroviral treatment patients with hazardous alcohol use in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam.

Coronary Artery Dilation in Children with Febrile Exanthematous Illness without Criteria for Kawasaki Disease.

Background: Coronary dilatation is the most important complication of Kawasaki disease (KD) and, in addition to some clinical characteristics, is common to KD and febrile exanthematous illnesses (FEIs).

Objective: To assess whether children with FEI, who do not meet the criteria for KD, have changes in coronary arteries dimensions.

Methods: Echocardiography was performed within the first two weeks of the disease in patients < 10 years with fever and exanthema without other KD criteria.

HLA Class I-sensitized Renal Transplant Patients Have Antibody Binding to SLA Class I Epitopes.

Background: Highly sensitized patients are difficult to match with suitable renal allograft donors and may benefit from xenotransplant trials. We evaluate antibody binding from sensitized patients to pig cells and engineered single allele cells to identify anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibody cross-species reactivity with swine leukocyte antigen (SLA). These novel testing strategies assess HLA/SLA epitopes and antibody-binding patterns and introduce genetic engineering of SLA epitopes.

Protocol for pilot cluster RCT of project respect: a school-based intervention to prevent dating and relationship violence and address health inequalities among young people.

Background: Dating and relationship violence (DRV)-intimate partner violence during adolescence-encompasses physical, sexual and emotional abuse. DRV is associated with a range of adverse health outcomes including injuries, sexually transmitted infections, adolescent pregnancy and mental health issues. Experiencing DRV also predicts both victimisation and perpetration of partner violence in adulthood.

A longitudinal study of the relationship between intimate partner violence and postpartum unsafe sex among newly diagnosed HIV-infected South African women.

HIV-positive women who engage in postpartum unsafe sex are at risk for sexually transmitted infection (STI), unintended pregnancy, and secondary transmission of HIV to uninfected partners. One factor that may increase risk for postpartum unsafe sex among HIV-positive women is intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization; few studies, however, have examined this association. This longitudinal study examined whether patterns of psychological, physical, and sexual IPV, assessed during pregnancy, predicted unsafe sex at 14 weeks postpartum among South African women diagnosed as HIV-positive during pregnancy (n = 561).

Limnological Characteristics and Rotifer Community Composition of Northern Mexico Chihuahuan Desert Springs.

Desert springs are critical for wildlife and human subsistence, but poorly studied. The springs in the northern Chihuahuan Desert region of Mexico are no exception. While groundwater overexploitation and other anthropogenic activities have endangered these waters, little is known about their water quality or biodiversity.

Xenoantigen Deletion and Chemical Immunosuppression Can Prolong Renal Xenograft Survival.

Objective: Xenotransplantation using pig organs could end the donor organ shortage for transplantation, but humans have xenoreactive antibodies that cause early graft rejection. Genome editing can eliminate xenoantigens in donor pigs to minimize the impact of these xenoantibodies. Here we determine whether an improved cross-match and chemical immunosuppression could result in prolonged kidney xenograft survival in a pig-to-rhesus preclinical model.