Synthesis and Physicochemical Stability of a Copaiba Balsam Oil () Nanoemulsion and Prospecting of Toxicological Effects on the Nematode .

Nanoemulsions are dispersions of oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) immiscible liquids. Thus, our main goal was to formulate a nanoemulsion with low surfactant concentrations and outstanding stability using Copaiba balsam oil (Copaifera sp.).

PSMA PET/CT in the Brazilian Unified Healthcare System reduces costs with futile salvage therapies in the management of cases of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.

Objective: To compare costs between treatment strategies employed prior to and after prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA PET/CT) via the Brazilian Unified Health Care System and their impact on the therapeutic management of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: The referring physicians were surveyed on their treatment intentions (strategies) at two different time points: prior to and after PSMA PET/CT. Cost comparison results are presented as median (IQR) for each of the two strategies.

Taurine Neuroprotection and Neurogenesis Effect in Chronic Ethanol-Induced Rats.

Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a non-protein β-amino acid essential for cellular homeostasis, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties that are crucial for life maintenance. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of taurine administration on hippocampal neurogenesis, neuronal preservation, or reverse damage in rats exposed to forced ethanol consumption in an animal model. Wistar rats were treated with ethanol (EtOH) for a 28-day period (5% in the 1st week, 10% in the 2nd week, and 20% in the 3rd and 4th weeks).

"Non-metastatic, Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: Diagnostic and Treatment Recommendations by an Expert Panel from Brazil".

Introduction: Non-metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) is an important clinical stage of prostate cancer, prior to morbidity and mortality from clinical metastases. In particular, the introduction of novel androgen-receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSi) has changed the therapeutic landscape in nmCRPC. Given recent developments in this field, we update our recommendations for the management of nmCRPC.

A phase 2 randomized clinical trial of abiraterone plus ADT, apalutamide, or abiraterone and apalutamide in patients with advanced prostate cancer with non-castrate testosterone levels (LACOG 0415).

Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) combined with apalutamide, abiraterone acetate plus prednisone, enzalutamide, or docetaxel are the standard treatments for advanced castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC). We investigated ADT-free alternatives for advanced CSPC.

Patients And Methods: LACOG 0415 is a phase 2, open-label, non-comparative, randomized trial.

Consensus on Prostate Cancer Treatment of Localized Disease With Very Low, Low, and Intermediate Risk: A Report From the First Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference for Developing Countries (PCCCDC).

Purpose: A group of international urology and medical oncology experts developed and completed a survey on prostate cancer (PCa) in developing countries. The results are reviewed and summarized, and recommendations on consensus statements for very low-, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa focused on developing countries were developed.

Methods: A panel of experts developed more than 300 survey questions of which 66 questions concern the principal areas of interest of this paper: very low, low, and intermediate risk of PCa in developing countries.

An Epidemic of Dengue Virus Serotype-4 during the 2015 - 2017: the Emergence of a Novel Genotype IIa of DENV-4 in the Philippines.

Volume 72 no 6, p.413-419, 2019. Page 418, Acknowledgments "We would like to thank all staff and members of the Department of Virology, NEKKEN, Nagasaki University, Japan for providing technical support and advice.

An Epidemic of Dengue Virus Serotype-4 during the 2015 - 2017: the Emergence of a Novel Genotype IIa of DENV-4 in the Philippines.

Dengue remains a major public health problem in the Philippines. In this study, we determined the circulating dengue serotypes in the Philippines during the 2015-2017 outbreaks using a total of 678 serum samples from 537 individual dengue patients. Following an increase in the number of DENV-4 patients in recent years, we conducted a comprehensive molecular and epidemiology analysis on the DENV-4 strains isolated recently in the Philippines.

Inhibitory effect of the green tea molecule EGCG against dengue virus infection.

Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a major public health problem worldwide; however, specific antiviral drugs against it are not available. Hence, identifying effective antiviral agents for the prevention of DENV infection is important. In this study, we showed that the reportedly highly biologically active green-tea component epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibited dengue virus infection regardless of infecting serotype, but no or minimal inhibition was observed with other flaviviruses, including Japanese encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, and Zika virus.

A Simple Mechanism Based on Amino Acid Substitutions is not a Critical Determinant of High Mortality of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Mice.

For the development of effective treatment strategies for Japanese encephalitis (JE), it is important to identify the viral factors causing severe disease during JE virus (JEV) infection. In this study, we assessed whether amino acid substitutions are critical factors for higher mortality of JaTH160 compared with JaOArS982 in mice using the technique of infectious cDNA clones. We raised the possibility that two amino acids of C and NS3 of JaTH160 may contribute to increased mortality in mice.

Muscle Activation During Pilates Exercises in Participants With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study.

Objective: To determine the amplitude of the electromyographic activity of trunk muscles during Pilates exercises in women with and without chronic low back pain (LBP).

Design: Case-control study.

Setting: University physical therapy clinic.

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It is extremely important that health professionals involved in invasive procedures such as central venous access have a thorough knowledge of thoracic vascular anatomy. Persistent left superior vena cava is the most common congenital thoracic venous abnormality and is generally diagnosed as an incidental finding. We present the case of a 14-year-old female patient in whom a persistent left superior vena cava was diagnosed as an incidental finding of a control imaging exam after placement of a totally implantable venous catheter.

Development and Application of a New Learning Object for Teaching Operative Dentistry Using Augmented Reality.

Learning objects (LOs) associated with augmented reality have been used as attractive new technologic tools in the educational process. However, the acceptance of new LOs must be verified with the purpose of using these innovations in the learning process in general. The aim of this study was to develop a new LO and investigate the acceptance of gold onlay in teaching preparation design at a dental school in Brazil.

Effectiveness of mat Pilates or equipment-based Pilates exercises in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The Pilates method has been widely used to treat patients with chronic low back pain. Pilates exercises can be performed in 2 ways: by using specific equipment or without it (also known as mat Pilates). There are no studies, however, that have compared the effectiveness of mat Pilates with that of equipment-based Pilates.

Does transperitoneal minimally invasive radical prostatectomy increase the amount of small bowel receiving salvage radiation?

Introduction: Transperitoneal minimally invasive radical prostatectomy (MIRP) has become first choice for several urologists and patients dealing with localized prostate cancer. We evaluate the effect of postoperative radiation on the small bowel in patients who underwent extraperitoneal open versus transperitoneal MIRP.

Methods: We reviewed all patients who received postoperative radiation from 2006 to 2010.

Clavien classification in urology: Is there concordance among post-graduate trainees and attending urologists?

Purpose: We assess the variations between post-graduate trainees (PGTs) and attending urologists in applying the Revised Clavien-Dindo Classification System (RCCS) to urological complications.

Methods: Twenty postoperative complications were selected from urology service Quality Assurance meeting minutes spanning 1 year at a tertiary care centre. The cases were from adult and pediatric sites and included minor and major complications.

Clinicopathological correlation and prognostic significance of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 expression in colorectal cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer and the fourth most frequent cause of cancer death. Literature indicates that vascular endothelial growth factor is a predominant angiogenic factor and that angiogenesis plays an important role in the progression of CRC.

Patients And Methods: The present series consisted of tissue samples obtained from 672 patients who had undergone large bowel resection between 2005 and 2010 at the Braga Hospital, Portugal.

Determinants of performance on the Transfer Task of the Basic Laparoscopic Urologic Surgery (BLUS(©)) curriculum administered at objective structured clinical examinations.

Purpose: To assess determinants of performance on the Transfer Task of the Basic Laparoscopic Urologic Surgery (BLUS(©)) skills curriculum administered at Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs).

Methods: After obtaining Institutional Review Board approval and informed consent, urology trainees (Postgraduate Year [PGY]-3 to PGY-5) from four different training programs (A, B, C, D) were recruited for the study. Transfer Task Times (TTTs) were compared and correlated with previous laparoscopic experience, amount of endotrainer practice and scores obtained at practice sessions and other OSCE stations.

Effectiveness of mat Pilates or equipment-based Pilates in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: a protocol of a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Chronic low back pain is an expensive and difficult condition to treat. One of the interventions widely used by physiotherapists in the treatment of chronic non-specific low back pain is exercise therapy based upon the Pilates principles. Pilates exercises can be performed with or without specific equipment.

Previous exposure to cigarette smoke aggravates experimental cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity.

Background/aims: The effects of cigarette smoke (CS) on cyclosporine (CsA)-induced nephrotoxicity are poorly studied. This study aims to assess the effects of previous exposure to CS on CsA nephrotoxicity.

Methods: Rats were either exposed to CS or sham (S) procedures for 10 min twice a day for 20 weeks.

Annexin A1 protein attenuates cyclosporine-induced renal hemodynamics changes and macrophage infiltration in rats.

Background: Cyclosporine (CsA) remains an important immunosuppressant for transplantation and for treatment of autoimmune diseases. The most troublesome side effect of CsA is renal injury. Acute CsA-induced nephrotoxicity is characterized by reduced renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) due to afferent arteriole vasoconstriction.