Spinal malformations in a naturally isolated Neotropical fish population.

Fish populations that reside in completely isolated freshwater ecosystems are rare worldwide. The Vila Velha State Park (VVSP), located in southern Brazil, is recognized for its arenitic formations called sinkholes (), which are completely isolated. Fish populations within, such as those of aff.

Genetic Diversity of the Cichlid (Steindachner, 1878) as a Conservation Strategy in Different Colombian Basins.

Cichlids constitute a diverse monophyletic group that have developed adaptive strategies to thrive in diverse environments. represents an example of diversification on the South American Andean uplift, providing a key model for understanding the evolution of biogeographic patterns. In this study, we analyzed the species using two mitochondrial markers (, ) and one nuclear marker () in a populational level.