Inter-prefectural regional disparities in gastric cancer surgery: A Japanese nationwide population-based cohort study from 2014 to 2019.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the regional disparities in gastric cancer surgery in Japan.

Methods: The annual incidence of gastric cancer and number of gastrectomies, board-certified surgeons in gastroenterology by the Japanese Society of Gastroenterological Surgery, and board-certified surgeons by the Japan Society for Endoscopic Surgery were evaluated by prefecture in Japan during 2014-2019. Medium-sized regional disparities were assessed using the Gini coefficient.

Inter-prefectural and urban-rural regional disparities in lung cancer surgery: a Japanese nationwide population-based cohort study from 2017 to 2019.

Purpose: To investigate regional disparities in lung cancer surgery in Japan.

Methods: The annual incidence of lung cancer, lung cancer surgery, and the number of board-certified thoracic surgeons in Japan during 2014-2019 were investigated using a national open database. Lung cancer surgeries were categorized by procedure (wedge resection, segmentectomy, lobectomy, pneumonectomy) and approach (open, thoracoscopic).

Perioperative Complications in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis: A Comparative Cohort Analysis.

Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune disorder with pathological manifestations affecting multiple organ systems. Few studies have examined perioperative outcomes in patients with this disorder. The primary aim of this retrospective single-center comparative cohort analysis was to estimate the incidence of select perioperative complications in a population of SSc patients.

Identifying, Understanding, and Minimizing Unconscious Cognitive Biases in Perioperative Crisis Management: A Narrative Review.

Rapid clinical decision-making behavior is often based on pattern recognition and other mental shortcuts. Although such behavior is often faster than deliberative thinking, it can also lead to errors due to unconscious cognitive biases (UCBs). UCBs may contribute to inaccurate diagnoses, hamper interpersonal communication, trigger inappropriate clinical interventions, or result in management delays.

Predictors of Failure to Rescue After Postoperative Respiratory Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis of 13,047 Patients Using the ACS-NSQIP Dataset.

Introduction: Death after suffering a postoperative complication (failure to rescue) is an area of concern, and its occurrence after postoperative respiratory failure (PRF) is not well defined. We seek to identify the predictors of failure to rescue in patients who develop PRF.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of adults undergoing noncardiac surgery who developed PRF (postoperative unplanned intubation and receipt of mechanical ventilation for longer than 48 h) was conducted using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project database.

Perioperative Management of Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery: A Narrative Review.

Purpose: The idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP) constitute a large cohort of the over 200 subtypes of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most widely studied, arguably the most severe etiology of ILD and the most common IIP diagnosis. The objective of this narrative review is to outline the current evidence on optimal perioperative management of IPF.

Feasibility of a randomized hypertension screening initiative in the perioperative setting.

Objectives: This study sought to assess feasibility of a randomized trial of blood pressure intervention (home blood pressure monitoring vs. counseling) in the preoperative clinic and the baseline rates of primary care follow-up after such interventions.

Methods: A prospective randomized feasibility study was performed at Yale New Haven Hospital Preadmission Testing Clinic.

Persistent Postoperative Vasoplegia After Ureteronephrectomy Due To Suspected Intravesical Gemcitabine Toxicity.

We describe a case of unusually persistent vasoplegia in the postoperative course of a patient recovering after elective right robotic nephroureterectomy with intravesical salvage gemcitabine. In the treatment of patients with intravesical adjuvant therapy, gemcitabine may precipitate persistent vasoplegia requiring further fluid resuscitative efforts, vasopressor support, and other supportive management. This potential adverse event should be considered when all common causes of persistent vasoplegia are ruled out, such as shock related to bleeding, infection, allergic reaction, or pulmonary embolic phenomenon.

Cloning, enhanced expression and characterization of an α-amylase gene from a wild strain in B. subtilis WB800.

A Bacillus strain with high productivity of α-amylase isolated from a starch farm was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The α-amylase encoding gene amy1 was cloned into pMD18-T vector and amplified in E. coli DH5α.

Purification, characterization and antiviral activity of two heteropolysaccharides from Duchesneae Indicae.

This study was designed to uncover the antiviral compounds contained in Duchesneae Indicae. Two non-sulfated acidic heteropolysaccharides (DIP30 and DIP60) with anti-varicella-zoster virus (anti-VZV) activity were purified and investigated with a combination of DEAE C-52 ion-exchange chromatography, Sphacryl S-300 gel chromatography, high performance size exclusion chromatography, pre-column derivation with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) method, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Results indicated that molecular weight (MW) of DIP30 and DIP60 are 1.

Bioactivity and pharmacokinetics of two human serum albumin-thymosin alpha1-fusion proteins, rHSA-Talpha1 and rHSA-L-Talpha1, expressed in recombinant Pichia pastoris.

Thymosin-alpha1 (Talpha1) is indicated for the treatment of certain viral infections, including hepatitis B and C, and cancers, such as melanoma. In this paper, the fusion genes encoding human serum albumin (HSA) and Talpha1 with (rHSA-L-Talpha1) and without a linker peptide (rHSA-Talpha1) were constructed and overexpressed in P. pastoris.