[Don't neglect metabolic syndrome].

The concept of «metabolic syndrome» was brought to the forefront in the early 2000s in international literature, but this interest seems to have faded somewhat in recent years. However, this constellation of cardiovascular risk factors should not be neglected. Taken individually, they hardly seem problematic, but when they are present within the same individual, they significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

[Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) : a model of metabolic inflammation («metaflammation»)].

Diseases related to fatty liver, independently of alcohol consumption («non-alcoholic fatty liver disease» or NAFLD), are increasing because of the epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes. These disorders reflect a continuum that comprises isolated steatosis, steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis, with, at the end, an increased risk of cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. It has been recently proposed to replace the term NAFLD by MAFLD, i.

Neural state space alignment for magnitude generalization in humans and recurrent networks.

A prerequisite for intelligent behavior is to understand how stimuli are related and to generalize this knowledge across contexts. Generalization can be challenging when relational patterns are shared across contexts but exist on different physical scales. Here, we studied neural representations in humans and recurrent neural networks performing a magnitude comparison task, for which it was advantageous to generalize concepts of "more" or "less" between contexts.

Nationwide Analysis of Urinary Retention Following Inguinal Hernia Repair: Results from the National Prospective Hernia Registry.

Background: Urinary retention is one of the most common early postoperative complications following inguinal hernia repair (IHR). The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of postoperative urinary retention (POUR) and to identify associated risk factors.

Method: Data of consecutive patients undergoing IHR from 2011 to 2017 were collected from a national multicenter cohort.

Selective Integration during Sequential Sampling in Posterior Neural Signals.

Decisions are typically made after integrating information about multiple attributes of alternatives in a choice set. Where observers are obliged to consider attributes in turn, a computational framework known as "selective integration" can capture salient biases in human choices. The model proposes that successive attributes compete for processing resources and integration is biased towards the alternative with the locally preferred attribute.

Structure learning and the posterior parietal cortex.

We propose a theory of structure learning in the primate brain. We argue that the parietal cortex is critical for learning about relations among the objects and categories that populate a visual scene. We suggest that current deep learning models exhibit poor global scene understanding because they fail to perform the relational inferences that occur in the primate dorsal stream.

Neural structure mapping in human probabilistic reward learning.

Humans can learn abstract concepts that describe invariances over relational patterns in data. One such concept, known as magnitude, allows stimuli to be compactly represented on a single dimension (i.e.

Revisiting foraging approaches in neuroscience.

Many complex real-world decisions, such as deciding which house to buy or whether to switch jobs, involve trying to maximize reward across a sequence of choices. Optimal Foraging Theory is well suited to study these kinds of choices because it provides formal models for reward-maximization in sequential situations. In this article, we review recent insights from foraging neuroscience, behavioral ecology, and computational modelling.

[Technique and management of urinary catheterization in men].

Introduction: In France, the urinary catheterization especially in men, is governed by Article R. 4311-10 of Decree No. 2004-802 of 29 July 2004 of the Public Health Code.

Transplant nephrectomy after graft failure: is it so risky? Impact on morbidity, mortality and alloimmunization.

Purpose: To determine the impact of transplant nephrectomy on morbidity and mortality and HLA immunization.

Methods: All patients who underwent transplant nephrectomy in our centre between 2000 and 2016 were included in this study. A total of 2822 renal transplantations and 180 transplant nephrectomies were performed during this period.

[Long-term outcomes of prostate cancer patients with lymph nodes metastasis after radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection].

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate biochemical recurrence-free survival (RFS) and to identify useful predictors of such survival in localized prostate cancer patients (cN0) and pelvic lymph node metastasis (pN+) treated with radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection.

Patients And Methods: This multicenter and retrospective study, assessed overall survival (OS), cancer specific survival (CSS) and biochemical recurrence-free survival (RFS), between January 2005 until December 2010 with 5 years of distance. We evaluated factors predicting long-term RFS in node positive prostate cancer patients.

Compulsivity Reveals a Novel Dissociation between Action and Confidence.

Confidence and actions are normally tightly interwoven-if I am sure that it is going to rain, I will take an umbrella-therefore, it is difficult to understand their interplay. Stimulated by the ego-dystonic nature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), where compulsive actions are recognized as disproportionate, we hypothesized that action and confidence might be independently updated during learning. Participants completed a predictive-inference task designed to identify how action and confidence evolve in response to surprising changes in the environment.

Tracking Macroprolactin: Use of an Optimized Polyethylene Glycol Precipitation Method More Compatible with the Requirements and Processes of Automated Core Laboratories.

Background: Macroprolactin (MPRL) is a large circulating form of a multimeric prolactin currently thought to be biologically inactive. Because of its ability to interfere with prolactin detection in most of the current 2-site immunoassays, the presence of MPRL can lead to inappropriate diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia and unnecessary investigations and treatments. The main objective of our study was to establish an optimized polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation method that could be used in automated core laboratory settings.

[Pediatric reference intervals : retrospective study on thyroid hormone levels].

Defining reference range is an essential tool for diagnostic. Age and sexe influences on thyroid hormone levels have been already discussed. In this study, we are defining a new pediatric reference range for TSH, FT3 and FT4 for Cobas C6000 analyzer.

[Flexible ureterorenoscopy and laser lithotripsy for upper urinary tract stones in neurologic patients with severe motor disability].

Objective: The study's objective was to evaluate the effectiveness and morbidity of flexible ureterorenoscopy and laser lithotripsy for upper urinary tract stones in patients with a nervous system pathology including severe motor disability.

Methods: Between 2006 and 2013, we retrospectively analyzed 83 flexible ureterorenoscopy to treat 63 kidneys in 42 patients. Stone free (SF) kidneys defined as an absence of stones on computerized tomography, renal ultrasound, X-ray or direct ureterorenoscopy, were considered a surgical success.

[Analysis of success rates of uretroplasty for adult male bulbar urethral stricture: A systematic review].

Unlabelled: Male urethral stricture disease is prevalent and has an important impact on quality of life. Direct visual urethrotomy and dilatations have high rates of recurrence.

Objectives: The aim of this review of literature was to evaluate the success rates of different techniques of urethroplasty for strictures of the bulbar urethra.

[An overview of French nurses' habits: Long-term urinary catheterization].

Introduction: The lengthening of life expectancy associated with multiple comorbidities leads physicians and nurses to manage more and more patients with long-term urinary catheterization (LTUC). No recommendation is written about the management of LTUC patients. To assess the need to publish recommendations and tools to help nurses in a better management of LTUC, we conducted a survey of theoretical and practical knowledge of French nurses.

Persistent low levels of serum hCG due to heterophilic mouse antibodies: an unrecognized pitfall in the diagnosis of trophoblastic disease.

Phantom hCG refers to persistent mild elevations of hCG, leading physicians to unnecessary treatments whereas neither a true hCG nor a trophoblastic disease is present. We report the case of a 23-year-old woman with persistent low levels of serum hCG detected one month after miscarriage. As choriocarcinoma was suspected, a chemotherapy trial of methotrexate was prescribed, without any hCG reduction.

A new sign for detection of extracapsular extension of prostatic adenocarcinoma: sum of positive sextants per lobe combining interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging and prostate biopsy results.

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the possibility of improving the reliability of preoperative detection of extracapsular extension (ECE) in each prostate lobe by using a new sign called sum of positive sextants per lobe (SPS-L), combining interpretation of MRI and prostate biopsy results.

Patients And Methods: We reviewed the charts of 590 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy between 2002 and 2007. All patients were assessed by preoperative 1.

[Clinical evaluation of an obese person].

Obesity is increasingly prevalent in our society and medical consultations for evaluation and management of weight excess are frequent. Before considering a therapeutic strategy, a careful initial clinical assessment is mandatory. The diagnostic approach of an obese person should be similar as for any other chronic pathology.

[Pancreas transplantation and venous thrombosis: multivariate analysis of risk factors].

Objective: Portal veinous thrombosis (VT) in the pancreatic transplant (6 to 20% of the cases) is the first cause of early loss of the transplant. Our objective was to identify the risk factors of VT in our experiment.

Method: The sample group includes 106 patients who underwent pancreas transplantation (portal venous drainage, enteric-drained pancreas) within our institute of transplantation from 2004 until 2010.

Female urinary incontinence and artificial urinary sphincter: study of efficacy and risk factors for failure and complications.

Background: The artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) has become a commonly used therapy for severe urinary incontinence (UI) due to intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD).

Objective: To evaluate retrospectively the efficacy and risk factors for failure and complications of AUS implantation in women with nonneurologic UI.

Design, Setting, And Participants: From May 1987 to December 2009, 215 women with ISD were treated by AUS implantation, with a mean age of 62.

[Bladder necrosis after an immediate post-operative mitomycin C instillation].

Administration of intravesical chemotherapy by mitomycin C decreases the risk of recurrence in non-muscle-invasive bladder tumours. We report the case of a man, who presented a full bladder necrosis after an immediate adjuvant mitomycin C instillation. The failure of resection of the necrotic area led us to perform a total cystectomy with an intestinal reconstruction.