Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases 3/6 Reduce Auxin Signaling via Stabilizing Indoleacetic Acid-Induced Proteins 8/9 in Plant Abiotic Stress Adaptation.

The balance between plant growth and stress response is a key issue in the field of biology. In this process, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MPK3) and MPK6 contribute to the construction of plants' defense system during stress tolerance, while auxin, a growth-promoting hormone, is the key to maintaining plant growth. Nevertheless, the antagonistic or cooperative relationship between MPK3/6-mediated stress response and auxin-mediated plant growth remains unclear.

Glomerular organization of the antennal lobe in the fall webworm Hyphantria cunea (Drury, 1770).

The fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea), a typical destructive invasive pest, has caused substantial damage to both the ecological environment and economy in China. H. cunea uses primarily its antennae to locate food and perceive pheromones through stimulation of olfactory receptor neurons.

High throughput analysis of vancomycin in human plasma by UHPLC-MS/MS.

An analytical assay based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) technique for absolute quantification of vancomycin in complexed biological matrix was developed in this study. Reversed phase column with gradient elution was chosen for chromatographic separation of vancomycin and internal standard (IS) norancomycin. Sample pretreatment was performed by micro-solid phase extraction (μ-SPE) with Oasis® MAX μElution Plate (I.

Anchoring Platinum Nanoparticles onto Oxygen Vacancy-Modified Mixed Metal Oxides for Selective Oxidation Reaction of Aromatic Alcohols.

Directed transformation of organic compounds under mild conditions, especially alcohol oxidation, presents great challenges in green chemistry. Herein, we report a platinum nanoparticle catalyst supported on zinc-gallium mixed metal oxides (denoted as Pt/ZnGa-MMOs), which displays superior catalytic activity for the selective oxidation reaction of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde (conversion: >99%; selectivity: >99%; reaction rate: 125 mmol g h). Both experimental studies [X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS)] and DFT calculations reveal the formation of an interfacial structure (Zn-O-Ga) on the ZnGa-MMOs support.

Influence of antidepressants on stream microbiota: Consequences for leaf itter breakdown and nutrient cycling.

As an emerging pollutant, antidepressants in wastewater have received extensive attention due to their metabolic stability and antimicrobial activity in aquatic systems. However, the scarcity of experimental data limits the validation of their potential impacts on ecosystem functionality. This study examined the effects of fluoxetine and amitriptyline (0-100 ng L) on microbial decomposers in stream ecosystems.

Interplay between energy metabolism and NADPH oxidase-mediated pathophysiology in cardiovascular diseases.

Sustained production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an imbalance in the antioxidant system have been implicated in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), especially when combined with diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and other metabolic disorders. Among them, NADPH oxidases (NOX), including NOX1-5, are major sources of ROS that mediate redox signaling in both physiological and pathological processes, including fibrosis, hypertrophy, and remodeling. Recent studies have demonstrated that mitochondria produce more proteins and energy in response to adverse stress, corresponding with an increase in superoxide radical anions.

Selenium-Modified Biochar Synergistically Achieves the Safe Use of Selenium and the Inhibition of Heavy Metal Cadmium.

To address cadmium pollution in China's cultivated land, chitosan, inorganic and organic selenium were used to modify rice husk charcoal for cadmium inhibition. Basic physicochemical properties of rice husk carbons were characterized (BET, FTIR, XRD, Zeta potential). Kinetic and isothermal adsorption experiments studied the adsorption of Cd by modified biochar under different pH and dosages.

Gibberellin-Induced Transcription Factor MYB71 Negatively Regulates Salvianolic Acid Biosynthesis in .

, the valuable traditional Chinese medicinal plant, has been used in clinics for thousands of years. The water-soluble salvianolic acid compounds are bioactive substances used in treating many diseases. Gibberellins (GAs) are growth-promoting phytohormones that regulate plant growth and development.

Green analytical chemistry metrics for evaluating the greenness of analytical procedures.

Green analytical chemistry (GAC) focuses on mitigating the adverse effects of analytical activities on human safety, human health, and environment. In addition to the 12 principles of GAC, proper GAC tools should be developed and employed to assess the greenness of different analytical assays. The 15 widely used GAC metrics, i.

UGT708S6 from Dendrobium catenatum, catalyzes the formation of flavonoid C-glycosides.

Background: Dendrobium catenatum is a perennial herb of the genus Dendrobium orchidaceae. It has been known as "Golden Grass, Soft Gold" since ancient times with effects of strengthening the body, benefiting the stomach, generating body fluid, nourishing Yin and clearing internal heat. The flowers of D.

Functional analysis of (E)-β-farnesene synthases involved in accumulation of (E)-β-farnesene in German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.).

German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is a traditional medicinal aromatic plant, and the sesquiterpenoids in its flowers have important medicinal value. The (E)-β-farnesene (EβF) is one of the active sesquiterpenoid components and is also a major component of aphid alarm pheromones.

Effects of nanoplastic exposure routes on leaf decomposition in streams.

Polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) released from plastic products have been demonstrated to pose a threat to leaf litter decomposition in streams. Given the multitrophic systems of species interactions, the effects of PS NPs through different exposure routes on ecosystem functioning remain unclear. Especially dietary exposure, a frequently overlooked pathway leading to toxicity, deserves more attention.

Total synthesis and structural modification of the dibenzylbutane lignan LCA as a potent anti-inflammatory agent against LPS-induced acute lung injury.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious public health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality. However, few efficacious drugs are clinically available. Inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines is considered to be a promising method for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for cellular toxicity and pharmacokinetic study of PEG1K polymers.

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is one of the most commonly used polymers in drug delivery systems. The investigation of the pharmacokinetic behavior of PEG is important for revealing the toxicity and efficiency of PEG-related Nano-drug delivery systems. A high through-put and selective ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method coupled with collision-induced dissociation (CID) in source technique was developed and validated to determine PEG1K polymers in cellular samples in this study.

The ERF transcription factor LTF1 activates DIR1 to control stereoselective synthesis of antiviral lignans and stress defense in roots.

Lignans are a powerful weapon for plants to resist stresses and have diverse bioactive functions to protect human health. Elucidating the mechanisms of stereoselective biosynthesis and response to stresses of lignans is important for the guidance of plant improvement. Here, we identified the complete pathway to stereoselectively synthesize antiviral (-)-lariciresinol glucosides in roots, which consists of three-step sequential stereoselective enzymes DIR1/2, PLR, and UGT71B2.

Establishment and validation of a callus tissue transformation system for German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.).

Background: German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is an important medicinal plant, and the essential oils in the flowers have various biological activities. Genetic transformation systems are important for plant quality improvement and molecular research.

Unraveling the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of low, medium and high molecular weight polyethylene glycol polymers in MCF-7 cells by green UPLC-MS/MS methods.

Unraveling the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of low, medium and high molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) in cells is important for evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of PEGylated drug delivery systems. In this study, cellular uptake of PEG600, PEG2K, PEG4K and PEG10K in MCF-7 cells was first studied by an UPLC-MS/MS assay coupled with collision induced dissociation (CID) in source technique. The CID of PEG in source with high values of declustering potentials generates numerous PEG-related product ions.

Hippocampal transcriptome analysis reveals mechanisms of cognitive impairment in beagle dogs with type 1 diabetes.

Diabetic encephalopathy is a common complication of type 1 diabetes. However, there have been few studies on cognitive impairment and hippocampal damage in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) using dogs as experimental animals. To investigate the effects of diabetes on the CNS, 40 adult beagles were divided into streptozotocin/alloxan type 1 diabetes model and control groups.

N6-methyladenosine reader protein YTHDC1 regulates influenza A virus NS segment splicing and replication.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification on viral RNAs has a profound impact on infectivity. m6A is also a highly pervasive modification for influenza viral RNAs. However, its role in virus mRNA splicing is largely unknown.

Rheological Performance of High-Temperature-Resistant, Salt-Resistant Fracturing Fluid Gel Based on Organic-Zirconium-Crosslinked HPAM.

Development of low-cost, high-temperature-resistant and salt-resistant fracturing fluids is a hot and difficult issue in reservoir fluids modification. In this study, an organic zirconium crosslinker that was synthesized and crosslinked with partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) was employed as a cost-effective polymer thickener to synthesize a high-temperature-resistant and salt-resistant fracturing fluid. The rheological properties of HPAM in tap water solutions and 2 × 10 mg/L salt solutions were analyzed.

Biosynthesis of α-Bisabolol by Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase and α-Bisabolol Synthase and Their Related Transcription Factors in L.

The essential oil of German chamomile ( L.) is widely used in food, cosmetics, and the pharmaceutical industry. α-Bisabolol is the main active substance in German chamomile.

Profiling of phytohormone-specific microRNAs and characterization of the miR160-ARF1 module involved in glandular trichome development and artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in plant development and secondary metabolism through different modes of sequence-specific interaction with their targets. Artemisinin biosynthesis is extensively regulated by phytohormones. However, the function of phytohormone-responsive miRNAs in artemisinin biosynthesis remains enigmatic.