Differences in tumor size, clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic profiles of central nervous system tumors among a racially diverse cohort: A retrospective case-control study.

Background: One avenue to improve outcomes among brain tumor patients involves the mitigation of healthcare disparities. Investigating clinical differences among brain tumors across socioeconomic and demographic strata, such can aid in healthcare disparity identification and, by extension, outcome improvement.

Methods: Utilizing a racially diverse population from Hawaii, 323 cases of brain tumors (meningiomas, gliomas, schwannomas, pituitary adenomas, and metastases) were matched by age, sex, and race to 651 controls to investigate the associations between tumor type and various demographic, socioeconomic, and medical comorbidities.

Cancer-specific innate and adaptive immune rewiring drives resistance to PD-1 blockade in classic Hodgkin lymphoma.

Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells of classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), like many solid tumors, elicit ineffective immune responses. However, patients with cHL are highly responsive to PD-1 blockade, which largely depends on HRS cell-specific retention of MHC class II and implicates CD4 T cells and additional MHC class I-independent immune effectors. Here, we utilize single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial analysis to define shared circulating and microenvironmental features of the immune response to PD-1 blockade in cHL.

Key Components of Trauma-Informed Yoga Nidra.

Trauma exposure is universal to the human condition, with many affected individuals experiencing either posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or subthreshold manifestations. Both scenarios can become functionally debilitating and collectively lay a heavy burden on individuals and society. Yoga nidra is one adjunctive treatment of growing interest, holding potential for its ability to alleviate symptoms of trauma, including hypervigilance, sleep disturbances, and disembodiment.

Diastereoselective Substitution Reactions of Acyclic Acetals Controlled by Remote Participation of an Acyloxy Group.

A remote carbonyl group up to six atoms away from the acetal group can induce 1,2-asymmetric induction in nucleophilic substitution reactions of acyclic acetals. Isolation of a cyclic carbonate under Lewis acidic conditions and computational studies suggested that the remote carbonyl group participated through the formation of a cyclic dioxocarbenium ion intermediate. The stereochemical outcomes depended on the size of the alkyl substituent and that of the nucleophile employed.

A Regional Analysis of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Initiatives in Plastic Surgery Residency Programs.

Background: Residents seek inclusive training environments that prioritize diversity. To evaluate programs that focus on these elements, websites have become essential for applicants but often lack in diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) content. Thus, this study aimed to assess current efforts and attention to DEI within plastic surgery residency programs and compare them by region.

Acetal Substitution Reactions: Stereoelectronic Effects, Conformational Analysis, Reactivity vs. Selectivity, and Neighboring-Group Participation.

Acetal substitution reactions can proceed by a number of mechanisms, but oxocarbenium ion intermediates are involved in many of these reactions. Our research has focused on understanding the conformational preferences, structures, and reactions of these intermediates. This Account summarizes our observations that electrostatic effects play a significant role in defining the preferred conformations, and that torsional effects determine how those intermediates react.

Temporal Investigation of the Maternal Origins of Fetal Gut Microbiota.

In utero colonization or deposition of beneficial microorganisms and their by-products likely occurs through various mechanisms, such as hematogenous spread or ascension from the reproductive tract. With high-throughput sequencing techniques, the identification of microbial components in first-pass neonatal meconium has been achieved. While these components are low-biomass and often not abundant enough to culture, the presence of microbial DNA signatures may promote fetal immune tolerance or epigenetic regulation prior to birth.

Antigen-binding fragments with improved crystal lattice packing and enhanced conformational flexibility at the elbow region as crystallization chaperones.

It has been shown previously that a set of three modifications-termed S1, Crystal Kappa, and elbow-act synergistically to improve the crystallizability of an antigen-binding fragment (Fab) framework. Here, we prepared a phage-displayed library and performed crystallization screenings to identify additional substitutions-located near the heavy-chain elbow region-which cooperate with the S1, Crystal Kappa, and elbow modifications to increase expression and improve crystallizability of the Fab framework even further. One substitution (K141Q) supports the signature Crystal Kappa-mediated Fab:Fab crystal lattice packing interaction.

HAtt-Flow: Hierarchical Attention-Flow Mechanism for Group-Activity Scene Graph Generation in Videos.

Group-activity scene graph (GASG) generation is a challenging task in computer vision, aiming to anticipate and describe relationships between subjects and objects in video sequences. Traditional video scene graph generation (VidSGG) methods focus on retrospective analysis, limiting their predictive capabilities. To enrich the scene-understanding capabilities, we introduced a GASG dataset extending the JRDB dataset with nuanced annotations involving attributes.

A qualitative study on redefining normality in relatives of patients with advanced cancer.

Objective: To obtain insight into adaptation processes of redefining normality and its influencing factors in relatives of patients with advanced cancer.

Methods: An exploratory qualitative study among relatives of patients with advanced cancer was conducted. Participants were purposively recruited.

Automated Detection of Pediatric Foreign Body Aspiration from Chest X-rays Using Machine Learning.

Objective/hypothesis: Standard chest radiographs are a poor diagnostic tool for pediatric foreign body aspiration. Machine learning may improve upon the diagnostic capabilities of chest radiographs. The objective is to develop a machine learning algorithm that improves the diagnostic capabilities of chest radiographs in pediatric foreign body aspiration.

An evaluation of dental continuing professional development programs in the USA and Canada.

Purpose: This research explores continuing professional development (CPD) requirements for dental regulatory/licensing authorities located in the USA/Canada and their preferences toward different learning and assessment strategies.

Methods: Data were first retrieved through an environmental scan of CPD requirements posted on the websites for the 62 regulatory/licensing authorities located in the USA/Canada. Subsequently, an electronic questionnaire was distributed to the appropriate contact at each regulatory authority to capture additional data related to knowledge and preferences.

Assessing the Value of a Pre-operative CT Sinus Anatomy Review Tool.

Performing endoscopic sinus surgery requires an intricate understanding of the anatomy of the paranasal sinuses, orbits and skull base. Avoidance of adverse events requires careful review of pre-operative computed tomography (CT) images to recognize potential areas of safety concern. Using a preoperative checklist may aid surgeons in identifying these features.

Diagnostic clues for the identification of pediatric foreign body aspirations and consideration of novel imaging techniques.

Objective: To better understand the diagnosis of foreign body aspiration by elucidating key components of its clinical presentation.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients with suspected foreign body aspiration. We collected information regarding demographics, history, symptoms, physical exam, imaging, and operative findings for rigid bronchoscopies.

Impact of stereopure chimeric backbone chemistries on the potency and durability of gene silencing by RNA interference.

Herein, we report the systematic investigation of stereopure phosphorothioate (PS) and phosphoryl guanidine (PN) linkages on siRNA-mediated silencing. The incorporation of appropriately positioned and configured stereopure PS and PN linkages to N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-conjugated siRNAs based on multiple targets (Ttr and HSD17B13) increased potency and durability of mRNA silencing in mouse hepatocytes in vivo compared with reference molecules based on clinically proven formats. The observation that the same modification pattern had beneficial effects on unrelated transcripts suggests that it may be generalizable.

Practice trends in pediatric sudden sensorineural hearing loss management: An unresolved diagnosis.

Purpose: Assess practice patterns amongst pediatric otolaryngologist for the management of children with SSNHL.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional online survey of members of the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology (ASPO) was performed; 135 responded. Patterns in treatment modalities, ancillary tests, and timing of treatment and follow-up were evaluated.

The Association Between Self-Reported Hearing Loss and Loss of Usual Source of Health Care Among Older Medicare Beneficiaries: Evidence From the National Health and Aging Trends Study.

Background And Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the association of hearing loss (HL) with maintaining a usual source of care (USOC).

Research Design And Methods: In this study we implemented a time-to-event analysis using data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a nationally representative study of older Medicare beneficiaries in the United States. The study sample included 2 114 older adults, aged 65+ years, 58.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Orthopedic Surgery Residency Training.

This study sought to investigate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on orthopedic surgery residency training across the United States. A 26-question online survey was created and sent to all orthopedic surgery residency programs across the United States. Areas of emphasis in the survey included the pandemic's effect on work hours, operative experience, didactics, and medical student recruitment.

First Responder Virtual Reality Simulator to train and assess emergency personnel for mass casualty response.

As mass casualty incidents continue to escalate in the United States, we must improve frontline responder performance to increase the odds of victim survival. In this article, we describe the First Responder Virtual Reality Simulator, a high-fidelity, fully immersive, automated, programmable virtual reality (VR) simulation designed to train frontline responders to treat and triage victims of mass casualty incidents. First responder trainees don a wireless VR head-mounted display linked to a compatible desktop computer.

Fecal and Tissue Microbiota Are Associated with Tumor T-Cell Infiltration and Mesenteric Lymph Node Involvement in Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with alterations of the fecal and tissue-associated microbiome. Preclinical models support a pathogenic role of the microbiome in CRC, including in promoting metastasis and modulating antitumor immune responses. To investigate whether the microbiome is associated with lymph node metastasis and T cell infiltration in human CRC, we performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing of feces, tumor core, tumor surface, and healthy adjacent tissue collected from 34 CRC patients undergoing surgery (28 fecal samples and 39 tissue samples).

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia prediction models: a systematic review and meta-analysis with validation.

Prediction models could identify infants at the greatest risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and allow targeted preventative strategies. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis with external validation of identified models. Studies using predictors available before day 14 of life to predict BPD in very preterm infants were included.

Predictors of successful natural sleep MRI for sensorineural hearing loss in infants.

Objectives: Cochlear implantation (CI) in children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) before 12 months of age (mo) improves language outcomes. MRI is important to assess CI candidacy. Anesthesia before 3 years old may increase risk of neurocognitive delay.