World Association for Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology (WABIP) guidelines on airway stenting for malignant central airway obstruction.

Malignant Central Airway Obstruction (MCAO) encompasses significant and symptomatic narrowing of the central airways that can occur due to primary lung cancer or metastatic disease. Therapeutic bronchoscopy is associated with high technical success and symptomatic relief and includes a wide range of airway interventions including airway stents. Published literature suggests that stenting practices vary significantly across the world primarily due to lack of guidance.

Corrigendum to "Tentative study on radial endobronchial ultrasonography evaluating airway wall thickness before and after bronchial thermoplasty" [Respir. Med. Case Rep. 36 (2022) 101571].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.

Engineered Hybrid Treg-Targeted Nanosomes Restrain Lung Immunosuppression by Inducing Intratumoral CD8T Cell Immunity.

Introduction: Tumor immunotherapy is a key therapeutic paradigm for the treatment of several malignancies. However, in metastatic lung cancer, classical immunotherapy regimes are ineffective due to regulatory T cell (Treg)-related immunosuppression and tumor relapse.

Materials: To address this issue, we designed specific biocompatible Treg-targeted nanocarriers (NCs) as a model of immune-based nanotherapy, in order to target Treg-related immunosuppression in the lung tumor microenvironment.

"One Shot" Sample Evaluation of 22G, 22G upgraded, 21G and 19G needle for Endobronchial Ultrasound-EBUS-TBNA.

There are still diagnostic issues with lung cancer and mediastinum lymphadenopathy. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is a state of the art equipment for the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy and central lesions. To investigate the sample size with one pass.

A health condition index for assessing disease progression.

Introduction: Currently immunotherapy is considered a cutting edge pharmaceutical treatment for non-small cell lung cancer. Tumor profile plays a crucial role in identifying the correct patient group.

Methods: Therefore, initial biopsies and re-biopsies are necessary in order to identify the expression of programmed death-ligand-1.

Application of a Simulator-Based Teaching Method in the Training of the Flexible Bronchoscope-Guided Intubation.

Background: The study aimed to explore the effect of a bronchoscopic simulator-based comprehensive teaching method in the training of flexible bronchoscope-guided intubation for suspected lung cancer patients for doctors without bronchofibroscopic operation background.

Methods: We designed a prospective self-control study involved in 35 trainees from the Navy Military Medical University's affiliated hospital to evaluate flexible bronchoscope-guided intubation's training outcome. Before and after the practice training, we recorded the flexible bronchoscope passing time from nasal to visible glottis and carina, tracheal placement tube, and ventilation.

Radial-EBUS: CryoBiopsy Versus Conventional Biopsy: Time-Sample and C-Arm.

Introduction: Diagnosis of lung nodules is still under investigation. We use computed tomography scans and positron emission tomography in order to identify their origin.

Patients And Methods: In our retrospective study, we included 248 patients with a single lung nodule or multiple lung nodules of size ≥1 cm.

Radial Endobronchial Ultrasound for Lung Cancer Diagnosis: Tips and Tricks.

Endoscopic techniques have been upgraded in the recent 10 years. We can use the radial endobronchial ultrasound to reach distal nodules in the periphery of the lungs, but also we can use it in order to make biopsies in lesions without endobronchial findings. We included in our study 248 patients with pulmonary nodules up to 4 cm.

Tentative study on radial endobronchial ultrasonography evaluating airway wall thickness before and after bronchial thermoplasty.

Aim: We aimed to observe the clinical practicing value of radial endobronchial ultrasonography evaluating airway wall thickness before and after bronchial thermoplasty.

Methods: We selected two patients who received bronchial thermoplasty in our hospital. We measured the thickness of each segmental airway wall of each patient by radial endobronchial ultrasonography, and observed the difference before and after the therapy.

Modification of Apremilast from Pills to Aerosol a Future Concept.

Background: Inhaled drugs have been available in the market for several years and for several diseases. Drugs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and diabetes have been used for several years. In the field of drug modification, these drugs range from tablets to aerosol.

Biopsy and re-biopsy for PD-L1 expression in NSCLC. association between PD-L1 and checkpoint inhibitor efficacy through treatment in NSCLC. A pilot study.

Introduction: Lung cancer is diagnosed at a late stage due to lack of early disease symptoms. Therefore an efficient treatment is necessary for prolonged disease free survival.

Patients And Methods: In our study we recruited 124 patients NSCLC patients with adenocarcinoma and squamus cell carcinoma.

Kras-driven intratumoral heterogeneity triggers infiltration of M2 polarized macrophages via the circHIPK3/PTK2 immunosuppressive circuit.

Intratumoral heterogeneity in lung cancer is essential for evasion of immune surveillance by tumor cells and establishment of immunosuppression. Gathering data reveal that circular RNAs (circRNAs), play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of lung cancer. Particularly Kras-driven circRNA signaling triggers infiltration of myeloid-associated tumor macrophages in lung tumor microenvironment thus establishing immune deregulation, and immunosuppression but the exact pathogenic mechanism is still unknown.

Intratumoral Treatment with Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy for NSCLC with EBUS-TBNA 19G.

Immunotherapy is being used for the past five years either as first line or second line treatment with great results. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been also used as combination to immunotherapy to further enhance this type of treatment. Intratumoral treatment has been previously proposed as a treatment option for certain non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Interventional bronchoscopy for HPV 16 and 66 with the use of spraying interferon-α (2b) plus bevacizumab and anti-reflux agent.

A fifty year old male was diagnosed with bronchial HPV. He was treated with local interventional treatment argon plasma coagulation and subcutaneous injections bevacizumab. Spraying of the regions followed with a specially designed catheter with interferon-α (2b).

DNA methylation of PTGER4 in peripheral blood plasma helps to distinguish between lung cancer, benign pulmonary nodules and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

Background/introduction: In contrast to patients who present with advanced stage lung cancer and associated poor prognosis, patients with early-stage lung cancer may be candidates for curative treatments. The results of the NELSON lung cancer screening trial are expected to stimulate the development and implementation of a lung cancer screening strategy in most countries. Widespread use of chest computed tomography scans will also result in the detection of solitary pulmonary nodules.

The lengths of trachea and main bronchus in Chinese Shanghai population.

The knowledge of airway length is the theoretical basis in the diagnosis and management of airway disease. The objective of this study is to measure the length of trachea and left and right main bronchus in Chinese Shanghai population. A total of 153 consecutive adult patients with minor pulmonary disease in Xinhua hospital were enrolled for bronchoscopy examination.

Treg-dependent immunosuppression triggers effector T cell dysfunction via the STING/ILC2 axis.

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths and despite extensive research, the survival rate of lung cancer patients remains significantly low. Recent data reveal that aberrant Kras signaling drives regulatory T cells (Tregs) present in lung tumor microenvironment to establish immune deregulation and immunosuppression but the exact pathogenic mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we investigate the role of oncogenic Kras in Treg-related immunosuppression and its involvement in tumor-associated metabolic reprogramming.

Lung cancer biopsies: Comparison between simple 22G, 22G upgraded and 21G needle for EBUS-TBNA.

Novel technologies are currently used for lung cancer diagnosis. EBUS-TBNA 22G is considered one of the most important tools. However; there are still issues with the sample size.

The development of bronchoscopy in China: a national cross-sectional study.

To investigate the development of bronchoscopy in China and compare it with its application in the early 21st century. The data collection was based on questionnaires. Three hundred and nineteen hospitals, which distributed across 30 provinces and 130 cities, were included in the study.

Vapor for lung volume reduction; pros and cons.

Introduction: Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) is a novel approach for treatment of emphysema. Several techniques are available to accomplish BLVR including Bronchoscopic Vapor Thermal Ablation (BVTA). This technique is easy to perform and considered safe due to its gradual effect.

Exosomal lncRNA PCAT-1 promotes Kras-associated chemoresistance via immunosuppressive miR-182/miR-217 signaling and p27/CDK6 regulation.

Immunosuppressive chemoresistance is a major burden in lung cancer. Recent data reveal that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) present in the lung tumor microenvironment are implicated in chemoresistant-related immune deregulation, and metastasis but their exact pathogenic role is still unknown. In this study, we investigate the role of lncRNA PCAT-1 in chemoresistant immunosuppression and its involvement in tumor stroma remodeling.

Dual photothermal MDSCs-targeted immunotherapy inhibits lung immunosuppressive metastasis by enhancing T-cell recruitment.

Immunosuppressive chemoresistance is a major barrier in lung cancer treatment. However, the immunosuppressive mechanisms responsible for lung cancer cell chemoresistance and tumor relapse are still unknown. In this study, we introduce a model of precise immunosuppressive-based nanotherapy by designing and delivering biocompatible MDSC-targeted nanocarriers (NCs) into the lung tumor microenvironment.