Bone cells influence the degradation interface of pure Mg and WE43 materials: Insights from multimodal in vitro analysis.

In this study, the interaction of pure Mg and WE43 alloy under the presence of osteoblast (OB) and osteoclast (OC) cells and their influence on the degradation of materials have been deeply analyzed. Since OB and OC interaction has an important role in bone remodeling, we examined the surface morphology and dynamic changes in the chemical composition and thickness of the corrosion layers formed on pure Mg and WE43 alloy by direct monoculture and coculture of pre-differentiated OB and OC cells in vitro. Electrochemical techniques examined the corrosion performance.

degradation behavior of Mg-0.45Zn-0.45Ca (ZX00) screws for orthopedic applications.

Magnesium (Mg) alloys have become a potential material for orthopedic implants due to their unnecessary implant removal, biocompatibility, and mechanical integrity until fracture healing. This study examined the and degradation of an Mg fixation screw composed of Mg-0.45Zn-0.

Mg-based materials diminish tumor spreading and cancer metastases.

Cancer metastases are the most common causes of cancer-related deaths. The formation of secondary tumors at different sites in the human body can impair multiple organ function and dramatically decrease the survival of the patients. In this stage, it is difficulty to treat tumor growth and spreading due to arising therapy resistances.

Slow degrading Mg-based materials induce tumor cell dormancy on an osteosarcoma-fibroblast coculture model.

Osteosarcoma is one of the most common cancers in young adults and is commonly treated using surgery and chemotherapy. During the past years, these therapy approaches improved but failed to ameliorate the outcomes. Therefore, novel, targeted therapeutic approaches should be established to enhance treatment success while preserving patient's quality of life.

Dynamic monitoring of fracture healing process in response to magnesium implant with multimodal imaging: pilot longitudinal study in a rat external fixation model.

Rodent models are commonly used in pre-clinical research of magnesium (Mg)-based and other types of biomaterials for fracture treatment. Most studies selected unstable fixation methods, and there is a lack of multimodal longitudinal monitoring of bone healing. The purpose of this study is to develop a rat femoral fracture model stabilized by external fixation with intra-medullary Mg implant, and to investigate the dynamic bone union process with several imaging techniques offering complementing insights into the process.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Oxygen Modulate the Cocultured Endothelial Cells in the Presence of Magnesium Degradation Products.

The interaction between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) holds a promising potential for the revascularization of osteoconductive grafts in orthopedics regeneration. Magnesium (Mg), as a well-studied degradable biomaterial already used in current medical practice, possesses osteoinductive properties. We investigated whether the physiochemical microenvironment, that is, the Mg and oxygen contents, further influences the MSC-modulating EC activities.

Controlled release of hydrogen by implantation of magnesium induces P53-mediated tumor cells apoptosis.

Hydrogen has been used to suppress tumor growth with considerable efficacy. Inhalation of hydrogen gas and oral ingestion of hydrogen-rich saline are two common systemic routes of hydrogen administration. We have developed a topical delivery method of hydrogen at targeted sites through the degradation of magnesium-based biomaterials.

Magnesium ions regulate mesenchymal stem cells population and osteogenic differentiation: A fuzzy agent-based modeling approach.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are proliferative and multipotent cells that play a key role in the bone regeneration process. Empirical data have repeatedly shown the bioregulatory importance of magnesium (Mg) ions in MSC growth and osteogenesis. In this study, we propose an agent-based model to predict the spatiotemporal dynamics of the MSC population and osteogenic differentiation in response to Mg ions.

In Vitro Investigation on Degradable Mg-Based Biomaterial under the Impact of the Serum Glycoprotein Fetuin.

Biomedical applications of magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are generally dependent on their degradation behavior in vivo. Despite its attractive properties, which make Mg suitable for orthopedic applications, the in vivo material-tissue (bone, blood, and lymph tissues) interaction is not yet fully understood. To investigate the influence of major serum proteins on the degradation, this study focused on fetuin, which is one of the major non-collagenous plasma proteins and which is essential for biomineralization.

Tissue responses after implantation of biodegradable Mg alloys evaluated by multimodality 3D micro-bioimaging in vivo.

The local response of tissue triggered by implantation of degradable magnesium-based implant materials was investigated in vivo in a murine model. Pins (5.0 mm length by 0.

Macrophage-derived oncostatin M/bone morphogenetic protein 6 in response to Mg-based materials influences pro-osteogenic activity of human umbilical cord perivascular cells.

Macrophages are the central immune cell involved in the foreign body reaction to the implants. Furthermore, the magnesium-based materials could modulate macrophage functions, and subsequently influence bone formation via not clearly understood mechanisms. To analysis the roles of materials (magnesium and its gadolinium-based alloy; Mg and Mg-10Gd) on secretion of macrophages and their effects on pro-osteogenic activity, human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and macrophages were cocultured directly on the materials surface.

Microstructure and Corrosion Characterization of a MgO/Hydroxyapatite Bilayer Coating by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coupled with Flame Spraying on a Mg Alloy.

Thermally sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings are one of the main strategies to improve the bioactivation of metal implants. However, the naturally low corrosion resistance of these coatings is the main challenge for their use. In this study, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) was used to create an intermediate layer.

Effects of degradable magnesium on paracrine signaling between human umbilical cord perivascular cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) interact with numerous immune cells that can promote regenerative processes and inhibit inflammatory responses. We hypothesised that the cross-talk between human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPV; an alternative source of MSC) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) could be influenced by degradable transwell magnesium (Mg). To study the correlations between paracrine signaling and specific cellular behaviour during the host response to Mg, we used a transwell coculture system for up to 7 days.

The impact of brain cell metabolism and extracellular matrix on magnesium degradation.

Due to its degradability, magnesium holds potential for the application as a base material for local treatment systems. Particularly for the therapy of severe brain-related diseases, local approaches are advantageous. To confirm the suitability of magnesium as a material for neural implants, information on the interaction of brain cells with magnesium is essential.

Optimizing an Osteosarcoma-Fibroblast Coculture Model to Study Antitumoral Activity of Magnesium-Based Biomaterials.

Osteosarcoma is among the most common cancers in young patients and is responsible for one-tenth of all cancer-related deaths in children. Surgery often leads to bone defects in excised tissue, while residual cancer cells may remain. Degradable magnesium alloys get increasing attention as orthopedic implants, and some studies have reported potential antitumor activity.

Fibrinogen and magnesium combination biomaterials modulate macrophage phenotype, NF-kB signaling and crosstalk with mesenchymal stem/stromal cells.

Macrophage behavior upon biomaterial implantation conditions the inflammatory response and subsequent tissue repair. The hypothesis behind this work was that fibrinogen (Fg) and magnesium (Mg) biomaterials, used in combination (FgMg) could act synergistically to modulate macrophage activation, promoting a pro-regenerative phenotype. Materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fg and Mg degradation products were quantified by atomic absorption spectroscopy and ELISA.

Investigation of the impact of magnesium versus titanium implants on protein composition in osteoblast by label free quantification.

Metallic implant biomaterials predominate in orthopaedic surgery. Compared to titanium-based permanent implants, magnesium-based ones offer new possibilities as they possess mechanical properties closer to the ones of bones and they are biodegradable. Furthermore, magnesium is more and more considered to be "bioactive" i.

Alloying and Processing Effects on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Degradation Behavior of Extruded Magnesium Alloys Containing Calcium, Cerium, or Silver.

Magnesium alloys attract attention as degradable implant materials due to their adjustable corrosion properties and biocompatibility. In the last few decades, especially wrought magnesium alloys with enhanced mechanical properties have been developed, with the main aim of increasing ductility and formability. Alloying and processing studies allowed demonstrating the relationship between the processing and the microstructure development for many new magnesium alloys.

Hypoxia influences the effects of magnesium degradation products on the interactions between endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells.

Biodegradable materials like well-documented Magnesium (Mg) are promising for their biocompatibility and tissue regeneration. Since Mg degradation is reported to be oxygen related, the effects of Mg were hypothesised to be influenced by oxygen. As two vital components of bone marrow, endothelial cells (EC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), their interactions represent high scientific interest for tissue engineering and biodegradable Mg application.

Inflammatory response to magnesium-based biodegradable implant materials.

Biodegradability and mechanical properties of magnesium alloys are attractive for orthopaedic and cardiovascular applications. In order to study their cytotoxicity usually bone cells are used. However, after implantation, diverse and versatile cells are recruited and interact.

In vitro evaluation of the ZX11 magnesium alloy as potential bone plate: Degradability and mechanical integrity.

Considering the excellent biocompatibility of magnesium (Mg) alloys and their better mechanical properties compared to polymer materials, a wrought MgZnCa alloy with low contents of Zn (0.7 wt%) and Ca (0.6 wt%) (ZX11) was developed by twin roll casting (TRC) technology as potential biodegradable bone plates.

Effect of magnesium-degradation products and hypoxia on the angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Biodegradable magnesium (Mg) metals have been applied in orthopaedic and stent applications due to their biodegradability, bioabsorbability and adaptability to tissue regeneration. However, further investigations are still needed to understand how angiogenesis will respond to high concentrations of Mg and oxygen content differences, which are vital to vascular remodelling and bone fracture regeneration or tissue healing. Human primary endothelial cells were exposed to various concentrations (2-8 mM) of extracellular Mg degradation products under either hypoxia or normoxia.