Comparison of Severity of Illness Scores and Artificial Intelligence Models That Are Predictive of Intensive Care Unit Mortality: Meta-analysis and Review of the Literature.

Background: Severity of illness scores-Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, Simplified Acute Physiology Score, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment-are current risk stratification and mortality prediction tools used in intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide. Developers of artificial intelligence or machine learning (ML) models predictive of ICU mortality use the severity of illness scores as a reference point when reporting the performance of these computational constructs.

Objective: This study aimed to perform a literature review and meta-analysis of articles that compared binary classification ML models with the severity of illness scores that predict ICU mortality and determine which models have superior performance.